Optimizing homogenizer-assisted extraction of chlorophylls from plantain epicarp ( Musa paradisiaca L.)
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Optimizing homogenizer‑assisted extraction of chlorophylls from plantain epicarp (Musa paradisiaca L.) Luis Eduardo Ordóñez‑Santos1 · Alba Mery Garzón‑García1 Received: 23 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The objective of this study was to establish parameters of optimization of the factors such as solid/solvent ratio, stirring speed and extraction time in homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) of chlorophyll a, b and total from plantain epicarp (Musa paradisiaca L.) using the Box–Benhken design. The individual effect and the interactions of the process variables (solid/ solvent ratio, stirring speed (revolutions per minute, rpm), and extraction time in HAE) on the chlorophyll a, b and total contents in the extract were studied. The optimization was carried out with a Derringer desirability function, and it was found that the optimal extraction conditions included a solid/solvent ratio of 0.025 g/mL, an stirring speed of 13,508 and 90 s of treatment with Ultra-turrax. The corresponding predicted values were 33.67 mg/100 g of chlorophyll a, 32.915 mg/100 g of chlorophyll b and 66.585 mg/100 g of total chlorophyll. Finally, the optimal conditions were experimentally verified, and it was established that extraction with an Ultra-Turrax treatment is more efficient than the conventional method (maceration). Keywords Box–Benhken design · Derringer desirability function · Extract · Chlorophyll
Introduction Plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) plays an important role in diets in tropical countries. In Colombia, the production of this product has grown significantly, becoming the third largest producer worldwide with approximately 3.948.216 tons annually [1]. However, the ingestion and transformation of plantains generate waste that has little use at the agroindustrial level, including the epicarp [2]. This by-product represents approximately 30% of the fruit weight, has a high content of dietary fiber, proteins and essential amino acids [3]. These residues bring economic and environmental problems as they require high values of biochemical demand (BOD) and oxygen chemistry (COD) for their degradation, as they are biological materials with high contents of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin [4, 5]. However, the presence of compounds of interest such as pigments, and phenolic compounds in these residues, makes them attractive resources for agroindustrial valuation as an important source of additives * Luis Eduardo Ordóñez‑Santos [email protected] 1
Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Departamento de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Palmira, 763533 Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry [6, 7]. In Cavendish plantains (Musa acuminata "Williams"), a close relative of the species Musa paradisiaca L., up to 36.69 μg of total chlorophyll/g fresh weight has been found in the peel of late-maturity-stage fruits [8]. Chlorophyll is a liposoluble pigment that orig
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