Overexpression of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 facilitates tumor growth and indicates unfavorable prognosis of pat
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PRIMARY RESEARCH
Cancer Cell International Open Access
Overexpression of protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 facilitates tumor growth and indicates unfavorable prognosis of patients with colon cancer Tianxiang Xu1†, Xiaoxia Wang2†, Xiangdong Jia1, Weishi Gao1, Junhua Li1, Fengying Gao1, Ping Zhan3,4* and Wu Ji4*
Abstract Background: Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) has been reported to play important role in the pathogenesis of various cancers. However, its role in colon cancer has not been studied. Here, we aimed to investigate the biological functions and potential mechanism of PRC1 in colon cancer. Methods: The expression level of PRC1 in colon cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of a tissue microarray (TMA). Furthermore, colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and SW480 were treated with short hairpin RNAs against PRC1. The biological function of PRC1 was determined by MTT proliferation, colony formation assay, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays. Then, an in vivo tumor formation assay was conducted to explore the effects of PRC1 on tumor growth. Results: The mRNA and protein expression levels of PRC1 were highly expressed in colon cancer tissues and cell lines. PRC1 expression was associated with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival of patients with colon cancer. Knockdown of PRC1 could decrease proliferation and colony forming ability of colon cancer cells, as well as arrested more cells at G2/M phase and promoted cell apoptosis. In cancer cells, the expression pattern of protein regulators included in cell cycle and apoptosis progress were reverted by PRC1 down-regulation. Additionally, PRC1 down-regulation could suppress colon tumor growth and differentiation. Conclusions: We confirmed that PRC1 was overexpressed in colon cancer and was associated with poor prognosis of colon cancer patients. PRC1 down-regulation could arrest cell cycle at G2/M stage, inhibit proliferation, and elicit apoptosis. These findings showed the potential of PRC1 to be used for therapeutic approaches in colon cancer. Keywords: Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1, Colon cancer, Prognosis, Proliferation, Apoptosis
*Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Tianxiang Xu and Xiaoxia Wang contributed equally to this work 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China 4 Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University , Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background Colon cancer is the third most common cancer, accounting for around 10% of all diagnosed cancers worldwide [1]. Although nationwide screening programs cause an increase in colon cancer incidence, lifestyle [2], heredity [3] and environmental factors [4] might be attributable to the increased the incidence. However, the reasons of this increase are not exactl
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