Phylogenetic Classification, Biofilm-Forming Capacity, Virulence Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic
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Phylogenetic Classification, Biofilm‑Forming Capacity, Virulence Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Rosa Baldiris‑Avila1 · Alfredo Montes‑Robledo1,2 · Yaleyvis Buelvas‑Montes3 Received: 22 February 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main cause of urinary tract infections; in recent years, its importance as a pathogen has increased due to the emergence of hypervirulent and multiresistant strains. In this study, 190 urinary isolates of E. coli were assigned into the seven phylogenetic groups A (11.1%), B1 (4.7%), B2 (46.8%), C (5.8%) D (25.3%) F (2.6%), and Clade I (2.1%), and various virulence genes were examined with polymerase chain reaction methods. All isolates had at least one virulence factor of the 9 analyzed fyuA (81.1%), fimH (96.8%), iutA (74.7%), ompT (66.8%), kpsMTII (66.8%), traT (58.9%), PAI (43.6%), PapAH (26.3%), and usp (3.2%). The results showed a direct relationship between the virulence factors and phylogenetic group A and B2. Further, virulence genetic profiles fimH, fyuA, ompT, traT, and kpsMTII correlated with the production of strong biofilm, multidrug resistance, and the production of moderate hemolysin. These results suggest that these strains may become reservoirs of genes that encode virulence factors, which could be transferred horizontally enhancing their genomic background and high possibility of acquiring new genetic information for possible dissemination. This study provides the first description of phylogroups in UPEC in the Colombian Caribbean and the association with virulence factor profile, antimicrobial susceptibility, and their possible role in the epidemiology in Colombia.
Introduction Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for 80–90% of the UTIs [1, 2], possesses an arsenal of virulence and fitness factors that contribute to their ability to enter, to adhere, to acquire essential nutrients, to multiply in a hostile environment, and to disseminate within the urinary tract [3, 4]. Likewise, the ability to persist and grow as biofilms makes them more prone to cause pyelonephritis and even chronic or recurrent infections, increasing antimicrobial resistance and severity of UTIs [5].
* Rosa Baldiris‑Avila [email protected] 1
Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Clínica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
2
Grupo GINUMED, Programa de Medicina, Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena, Colombia
3
Grupo GENOMA, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad del Sinú-EBZ, Cartagena, Colombia
Phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated that E. coli strains isolated from UTIs belonged predominantly to the phylogroup B2 and less commonly to phylogroup D [6], while commensal strains that appeared frequently belonged to the phylogroup A or B1 [7]. Several investigations point out that it is controversial, the association of phyl
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