Prevalence of antibodies to Anaplasma in cattle and buffaloes of different organized herds in India
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Prevalence of antibodies to Anaplasma in cattle and buffaloes of different organized herds in India Laxmi Narayan Sarangi1 • Samir Kumar Rana2 • Amitesh Prasad1 Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna1 • Girish Kumar Sharma2
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Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 Ó Indian Society for Parasitology 2020
Abstract Bovine anaplasmosis is one of the most important tick borne disease in ruminants causing huge economic loss to the dairy industry. A cross-sectional study was carried out to detect serum antibodies to Anaplasma infection in cattle and buffaloes housed in 14 organized herds located at various climatic zones spreading over 9 different states in India. A total of 911 serum samples, collected from 667 cattle and 244 buffaloes, were subjected to a competitive enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay detecting an epitope of major surface protein 5 (MSP5) of Anaplasma. The overall true prevalence was 48.72% (95% CI 45.13–52.32%). The prevalence rate was higher in cattle (51.58%) than buffaloes (40.89%) and the difference was statistically significant (p \ 0.05). Indigenous cattle (59.30%) showed higher seropositivity than crossbreed (57.16%) and exotic cattle breeds (42.28%). Although statistically not significant, female (52.37%) showed higher seropositivity than male (46.43%). Similarly, significant difference in prevalence (p \ 0.05) was observed for animals reared in different climatic zones with highest prevalence recorded in arid zone (90.49%) and lowest in semi-arid zone (29.83%). Very wide variation in prevalence (9.95–100%) was recorded between farms. The present study indicates endemicity of Anaplasma in India, similar to other tropical and sub-tropical countries of the world. Endemic instability was recorded in some of the
& Dr. Samir Kumar Rana [email protected] 1
National Dairy Development Board Research and Development Laboratory, IIL Campus, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana 500032, India
2
National Dairy Development Board, Anand, Gujarat 388001, India
studied farms suggesting possibility of outbreak of new clinical cases resulting in economic loss. Therefore, suitable policies and procedures for prevention and control of Anaplasma infection should be adopted in these farms. Keywords Seroprevalence Anaplasma marginale India Cattle Buffaloes ELISA MSP-5
Introduction Bovine anaplasmosis, primarily caused by Anaplasma marginale, is considered as one of the most important tickborne disease in ruminants, especially in tropical and subtropical regions (Kocan et al. 2003; M’ghirbi et al. 2016; Maharana et al. 2016a). The organism is an Gram negative obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsial pathogen causing fever, anaemia, jaundice, anorexia, depression, weight loss, reduction in milk production, sporadic abortion and sometimes death during acute infection (Aubry and Geale 2011, Howden et al. 2010). However, the severity of the clinical signs varies considerably from asymptomatic to death of animals depending upon the species and the age of the infected animals with cattle inf
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