Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Distress and Insomnia and Related Factors in Healthcare Workers During COVID-19 Pande
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Distress and Insomnia and Related Factors in Healthcare Workers During COVID‑19 Pandemic in Turkey Mustafa Kürşat Şahin1 · Servet Aker2 · Gülay Şahin3 · Aytül Karabekiroğlu4
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia and related factors in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. We applied the study survey online to HCWs during the pandemic in Turkey between 23 April and 23 May 2020. We used the sociodemographic data form, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, Insomnia Severity Index, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Six hundred twenty (66.0%) of the 939 HCWs taking part in the study were female, 580 (61.8%) were physicians, 569 (60.6%) were working on the front line. Seven hundred twenty-nine (77.6%) participants exhibited depression, 565 (60.2%) anxiety, 473 (50.4%) insomnia, and 717 (76.4%) distress symptoms. Depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms were significantly greater among females, individuals with a history of psychiatric illness, and individuals receiving psychiatric support during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs serving in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms. Female gender, being a nurse, working on the front line, history of psychiatric illness, and being tested for COVID-19 were identified as risk factors for mental health problems. Keywords Depression · Anxiety · Psychological distress · Sleep · Healthcare workers · COVID-19
Introduction Following its first emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) spread rapidly across the world [1]. The disease caused by 2019-nCoV was given the name coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by * Mustafa Kürşat Şahin [email protected] Servet Aker [email protected] Gülay Şahin [email protected] Aytül Karabekiroğlu [email protected] 1
Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55200 Atakum, Samsun, Turkey
2
Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
3
Kadifekale Family Health Center, Samsun Provincial Health Directorate, Samsun, Turkey
4
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
the World Health Organization (WHO). A pandemic was subsequently declared by the WHO on 11 Mart 2020. The first case in Turkey was reported by the Ministry of Health on that same date [2]. While decreases in the numbers of deaths and positive cases have gradually been seen in some countries, the pandemic is still maintaining momentum in specific regions of the world. Healthcare workers (HCWs) have provided a very wide spectrum of services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. They have worked in pandemic clinics, wards, operating rooms, and intensive care units, non-pand
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