Proteomic Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Plasma of HIV-Infected Alcohol Drinkers and Cigarette Smokers
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Proteomic Profiling of Exosomes Derived from Plasma of HIV-Infected Alcohol Drinkers and Cigarette Smokers Sunitha Kodidela 1 & Yujie Wang 2 & Benjamin J. Patters 1 & Yuqing Gong 1 & Namita Sinha 1 & Sabina Ranjit 1 & Kelli Gerth 1 & Sanjana Haque 1 & Theodore Cory 1 & Carole McArthur 3 & Anil Kumar 4 & Jim Y. Wan 5 & Santosh Kumar 1 Received: 19 December 2018 / Accepted: 10 April 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Abuse of alcohol and tobacco could exacerbate HIV pathogenesis by transferring materials through exosomes (small nanovesicles). Exosomes present a stable and accessible source of information concerning the health and/or disease status of patients, which can provide diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for myriad conditions. Therefore, we aimed to study the specific exosomal proteins that are altered in both HIV-infected subjects and alcohol/tobacco users. Exosomes were isolated from plasma of the following subjects: a) HIV-negative subjects (healthy), b) HIV-positive subjects (HIV), c) HIV-negative alcohol drinkers (drinkers), d) HIV-negative tobacco smokers (smokers), e) HIV-positive drinkers (HIV + drinkers), and f) HIVpositive smokers (HIV + smokers). Quantitative proteomic profiling was then performed from these exosomes. Sixteen proteins were significantly altered in the HIV group, ten in drinkers, four in HIV + drinkers, and fifteen in smokers compared to healthy subjects. Only one protein, fibulin-1 (FBLN1), was significantly altered in HIV + smokers. Interestingly, hemopexin was not significantly altered in drinkers or HIV patients but was significantly altered in HIV + drinkers. Further, our study is the first to show properdin expression in plasma exosomes, which was decreased in HIV + smokers and HIV + drinkers compared to HIV patients. The present findings suggest that hemopexin and properdin show potential as markers for physiological effects that may arise in HIV-infected individuals who abuse alcohol and tobacco.
Keywords HIV . Plasma exosome . Alcohol . Smoking . Proteomics
Introduction Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-019-09853-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Santosh Kumar [email protected] 1
College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Ave, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
2
Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai 9th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mo He Road, Shanghai 201999, China
3
Department of Oral and Craniofacial Science, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
4
Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
5
Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine, Memphis, TN, USA
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