Recent Advances in Peptide Nucleic Acids for Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pathogens
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Recent Advances in Peptide Nucleic Acids for Rapid Detection of Foodborne Pathogens Xihong Zhao 1
&
Chuncheng Wu 1
Received: 11 September 2019 / Accepted: 28 June 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are DNA/RNA analogs in which sugar-phosphate backbone is replaced by N-2-aminoethylglycine repeating units. Since PNA contains a neutral skeleton, there is no electrostatic repulsion, resulting in significant stability of its hybrid structure with complementary oligonucleotides. At present, PNA has taken the place of DNA probe in many studies. There are several disadvantages of cellular uptake of PNA, so modifications in PNA backbone or covalent coupling with cellpenetrating peptides are necessary to improve its delivery inside the cells. In recent years, PNA has been extensively used in the rapid detection of microorganisms, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization, PCR amplification, biosensor, and gene chip. The structure and characteristics of PNA probe, the hybridization method, and the design principle of PNA probes are introduced in this review, and the application progress of PNA probes in the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens is summarized. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of PNA probes are analyzed, and the future development trend is prospected. Keywords Peptide nucleic acid . Hybridization . PNA-FISH . Foodborne pathogens . Food safety
Introduction Foodborne pathogens are a major cause of foodborne diseases and food poisoning and thus pose a serious threat to food safety. There are many kinds of foodborne pathogens, which commonly contaminate fruits, vegetables, meat, and seafood, such as Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Listeria monocytogenes (Zhao et al. 2017). The enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 (EHEC) is a common human pathogen and has been linked to foodborne illnesses worldwide. EHEC causes bloody diarrhea and possibly life-threatening hemolytic uremic syndrome of growing the large intestine. Besides, there is still no effective treatment for EHEC (Zhong and Zhao 2019). Staphylococcus aureus, which is able to grow and express its virulence in a wide variety of food. Staphylococcus aureus strains to produce
* Xihong Zhao [email protected] 1
Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemistry Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
panton-valentine leukocidin. One of the β-pore-forming toxins can cause a propensity for skin and soft tissue infection and necrotizing pneumonia (Shallcrossa and Hayward 2013). At least 12 Vibrio species, including V. cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups, responsible for cholera outbreaks, and V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus involved in sea foodborne infections,
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