Renin-angiotensin system and cancer: epidemiology, cell signaling, genetics and epigenetics
- PDF / 1,068,014 Bytes
- 15 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 57 Downloads / 220 Views
REVIEW ARTICLE
Renin‑angiotensin system and cancer: epidemiology, cell signaling, genetics and epigenetics B. Afsar1 · R. E. Afsar1 · L. A. Ertuglu2 · M. Kuwabara3 · A. Ortiz4 · A. Covic5 · M. Kanbay6 Received: 18 June 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 © Federación de Sociedades Españolas de Oncología (FESEO) 2020
Abstract Day by day, the health and economical burden of cancer increases globally. Indeed it can be considered that there is ‘’cancer pandemic’’. Blocking the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB) are widely used measures to treat hypertension and heart failure. It has been recently suggested the activation and blocking of RAS has been associated with various types of cancer in epidemiological and experimental studies. Various studies have shown that RAS blockage is protective in some cancers. However, although fewer, contradictory data also showed that RAS blockage is either not related or adversely related to cancer. Although the reasons for these findings are not exactly known, different types of receptors and effectors in RAS may account for these findings. In the current review, we summarize the different RAS receptors and cancer development with regard to epidemiology, and pathogenesis including cell signaling pathways, apoptosis, genetic and epigenetic factors. Keywords Angiotensin · Apoptosis · Cancer · Cell signaling · Genetic
Introduction Recent evidence suggests that Renin–Angiotensin System (RAS) plays an important role in the development of cancer. Both preclinical and clinical studies show that RAS is active, especially in certain forms of cancer [1–3]. While protooncogenes, oncogenes, cell signaling, microRNAs and epigenetic factors were demonstrated to play important roles in * B. Afsar [email protected] 1
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, 71100 Isparta, Turkey
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Department of Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
4
Dialysis Unit, School of Medicine, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avd. Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
5
Nephrology Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Iași, Romania
6
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
the relationship between RAS and cancer development [4], there are also conflicting reports showing that RAS blockage may be associated with increased cancer incidence [5]. In this narrative review, we evaluate the relationship between RAS and cancer with respect to epidemiology, pathogenesis and future issues.
Epidemiology of RAS and cancer In humans, almost every organ was shown to have a functional RAS with varying degrees [6]. Increased RAS activity has been demonstrated in various tumor types including kidney, prostate, bladder, stomach, cervix, brai
Data Loading...
