Roles of Cytosolic and Secretory Phospholipases A2 in Oxidative and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in the CNS
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. There is evolving evidence for a metabolic link between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phospholipases A2 (PLA2), enzymes that hydrolyze fatty acyl groups f
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Abel Lajtha (Ed.)
Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology Neural Lipids Volume Editors: Guido Tettamanti and Gianfrancesco Goracci
With 120 Figures and 56 Tables
Editor Abel Lajtha Director Center for Neurochemistry Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research 140 Old Orangeburg Road Orangeburg New York, 10962 USA Volume Editors Guido Tettamanti Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Via Saldini 50 20133, Milan Italy
Gianfrancesco Goracci Department of Internal Medicine Section of Biochemistry University of Perugia via del Giochetto 06122 Perugia Italy
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006922553 ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐30345‐1 Additionally, the whole set will be available upon completion under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐35443‐9 The electronic version of the whole set will be available under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐30426‐7 The print and electronic bundle of the whole set will be available under ISBN: 978‐0‐387‐35478‐1 ß 2009 Springer ScienceþBusiness Media, LLC. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. springer.com Printed on acid‐free paper
SPIN: 11416685 2109 – 5 4 3 2 1 0
Preface
The second Edition of the ‘‘Handbook of Neurochemistry’’ goes back to 1983. In that Edition, Brain lipids were distributed in different volumes, following the rationale underlying the Edition. Many of the chapters on lipids were outstanding and actually are ‘‘historical masterpieces’’ of scientific literature. After more then 25 years, the lipids of the nervous system were considered to deserve a separate volume. Many are the reasons for this decision. New methods have been developed for the structural analysis of lipids, for their quantification at the nano- and pico-mole levels, for the synthesis of analogs and derivatives suitable for biological investigations. Lipids entered into the ‘‘omic’’ era, too, and there is a consolidated ‘‘lipidomics’’. The metabolic pathways of lipids that 25 years ago appeared to be complex are presently in a way that is much more complex and intriguing, being intimately connected with the intricate network of intracellular molecular traffic. The impact of the new technologies for identifying genes, transfecting them into cells, and overexpressing or silencing them was tremendous, in terms of innovation and growing knowledge. Of course, this also applies to the lipid field. However, serious perplexi
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