Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke: a threatened medicinal herb
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RESEARCH ARTICLES
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in Ferula jaeschkeana Vatke: a threatened medicinal herb R. K. Sharma1 · Arun Kumar Khajuria1 Received: 24 March 2020 / Revised: 2 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 © Society for Plant Research 2020
Abstract An efficient in vitro propagation protocol for an important medicinal endangered herb Ferula jaeschkeana has been developed through somatic embryogenesis. 12 week old friable calli were derived from petiole explants on a medium supplemented with 2.0 mgl−1 2,4-D and 1.0 mgl−1 Kn and used as mother source for somatic embryogenesis. Different auxins (2,4-D, IBA, IAA and NAA) in different concentrations (0.2–4.0 mgl−1) was used to produce embryogenic callus. Eighty four percent calli produced globular embryos on a medium supplemented with 4.0 mgl−1 2,4-D. The globular embryo then mature on culture medium (Control) or supplemented with different addictives (auxin, proline and ABA), maturation was significantly affected by ABA, proline and number of subcultures with maximum number of mature embryo (32.1 ± 0.2) was formed on medium fortified with 2.0 mgl−1 proline. Mature embryos had two well-developed cotyledons and an elongated hypocotyl root axis. 78% of these embryos were transformed into plantlets when placed in culture medium fortified with 0.2 + 0.01 + 0.05 mgl−1 (BAP:IBA:GA3) respectively. Regenerated plants were hardened in vermiculite with a 23% survival rate. The regenerated plants showed normal diploid chromosome number (2n = 22) and leaf morphology was comparable to in vivo plant. Keyword Petiole · Callus · Somatic embryos · Abscisic acid · Proline · Cytology Abbreviations ABA Abscisic acid 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid BAP 6-Benzyl amino purine IAA Indole 3-acetic acid IBA Indole 3-butyric acid Kn Kinetin GA3 Gibberellic acid MS Murashige and Skoog NAA ᾳ-Naphthalene acetic acid v/v Volume/volume w/v Weight/volume
Introduction The genus Ferula represented by 180–185 species, belongs to family Apiaceae and designated as the third largest genus of the family (Pimenov and Leonov 2004; Yaqoob and * Arun Kumar Khajuria [email protected] 1
Department of Botany, School of Sciences, Cluster University of Jammu, Jammu 180004, India
Nawchoo 2016). Ferula jaeschkeana native to Reg Himalaya is a perennial medicinal herb growing wild at an altitude ranging from 2000–4000 AMSL and commonly known as Krandel or Jungali Heeng. The plant is distributed across the Central Asia, Westward throughout the Mediterranean region to Northern Africa (Mabberley 2008). In India plant is reported from different part of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand (Smith and Krikorian 1988; Samant et al. 2007; Sharma 2015; Dawa et al. 2018; Paul et al. 2019). Plant is one of the important medicinal herbs and used to cure different ailments in different parts of the Himalaya, roots and resin of the plant is used to cure rheumatism, toothache, wounds, poultices, tumors, chronic wounds and ulcers (Samant et al. 1998; Khalilova and
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