The complete mitochondrial genome of the Japanese seahorse, Hipppocampus mohnikei (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) and it
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TECHNICAL NOTE
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Japanese seahorse, Hipppocampus mohnikei (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) and its phylogenetic implications Qiu‑Hua Yang1,2 · Zhen Lu2 · Le‑Yun Zheng1 · Zhong‑Chi Huang1 · Qi Lin1 · Jing‑Na Wu1 · Chen Zhou1
Received: 20 March 2017 / Accepted: 10 April 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2017
Abstract The entire genus Hipppocampus were listed on Appendix II of the CITES and Hipppocampus mohnikei was listed as Vulnerable in 1994. So far, morphology-based taxonomic methods have shown to be problematic and the exact species boundaries of many seahorses are obscure. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. mohnikei was described. The total length is 16,513 bp in length, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, one origin of replication on the light-strand (OL) and a putative control region. The overall base composition is 32.1% (A), 30.0% (T), 23.0% (C) and 15.0% (G) with a slight AT bias (62.0%). All of the PCGs use the initiation codon ATG except COI uses GTG. Most of them have TAA as the stop codon, except COII, COIII, ND3, ND4 and Cytb use an incomplete stop codon T. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationship of all Syngnathidae species available in the GenBank database was constructed, which will contribute to phylogenetic studies of Syngnathidae and further conservation strategies for seahorses. Keywords Seahorse · Mitochondrial DNA · Control region · Phylogenetic relationship · Species conservation
* Chen Zhou [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High‑value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Xiamen 301013, China
2
Department of Biology, Shantou University, No. 243, Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, China
The entire genus Hipppocampus were listed on Appendix II of the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) and Hipppocampus mohnikei (formerly named as H. japonicus) was listed as Vulnerable in the 1994 Viet Nam Red Data Book (Lourie et al. 2004). Despite majority of the studies have focused on the morphology, the exact species boundaries of many seahorses are obscure (Choo and Liew 2006; Teske et al. 2004). Morphology-based taxonomic methods have shown to be problematic. More than 100 species of seahorses have been described (Eschmeyer 1998), but a recent attempt by Lourie et al. (1999) at revising the genus accepts only about 32 valid species names. These controversies seem to be mainly due to convergence of morphological characteristics. Genetic methods, however, have great potential to both resolve disputed taxonomic issues and to infer phylogenetic relationships among different species. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of H. mohnikei was described. Additionally, the phylogenetic relationship of all Syngnathidae species available in the GenBank database (16 species representing five genera) was constructed, wh
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