The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and molecular diagnostic methods
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REVIEW
The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and molecular diagnostic methods Jin‑Pyo Lee1 · Simranjeet Singh Sekhon1 · Ji Hun Kim2 · Sun Chang Kim2 · Byung‑Kwan Cho2 · Ji‑Young Ahn1 · Yang‑Hoon Kim1 Accepted: 17 November 2020 © The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicoproteomics 2020
Abstract Background Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, commonly known as the pine wood nematode (PWN), is one of the most destructive nematode species. It causes pine wilt, a slow progressive disease that results in economic loss worldwide. Objective Here, we review the nematode detection methods, including morphological, molecular, chemical, and proteinbased methods, and assess how the nematode’s distribution, virulence, incidence, and severity may be attenuated. Results Pathogenicity of the pine wood nematode is determined via its morphological and molecular characteristics. Many studies have used nucleic acid PCR amplification as a molecular-based technique, but there are often problems with DNA isolation. Currently, molecular-, chemical-, and protein-based analysis methods are used to diagnose emerging pine wilt diseases. Conclusion It is important to quickly diagnose and treat symptomatic trees, but the asymptomatic trees also require quick diagnosis and removal. For this reason, morphological- and DNA-based methods should be combined with chemical- and protein-based approaches for quick and efficient detection. Keywords Pine wilt disease · Bursaphelenchus xylophilus · Diagnosis Abbreviations B. xylophilus Bursaphelenchus xylophilus PWN Pine wilt nematode RT-PCR Real-time polymerase chain reaction RFLP Restriction fragment length polymorphism LAMP Loop-mediated isothermal amplification RPA Recombinase polymerase amplification GC–MS Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry GC-FID Gas chromatography flame ionization detector
* Ji‑Young Ahn [email protected] * Yang‑Hoon Kim [email protected] 1
School of Biological Sciences, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae‑Ro, Seowon‑Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak‑ro, Yuseong‑gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography CTAB Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide ITS Internal transcribed spacer HSP Heat shock protein satDNA Satellite DNA qPCR Quantitative polymerase chain reaction rDNA Ribosomal DNA FAM Fluorescein phosphoramidite TAMRA Tetramethylrhodamine PEL3 Pectate lyase 3 POIDs Potable optical isothermal devices VOCs Volatile organic compounds SPME/GC/MS Solid-phase micro-extraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry CAZymes Carbohydrate-activating enzymes EXPB3 ExpansinB3 WGA Wheat germ agglutinin ConA Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin RCA120 Ricinus communis agglutinin SELEX Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
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ANXA5 Annexin A5 rRNA Ribosomal RNA
Introduction The pine wood nematode illness induced by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus first
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