The protective effects of Prunus armeniaca L (apricot) against methotrexate-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in ra
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ORIGINAL PAPER
The protective effects of Prunus armeniaca L (apricot) against methotrexate-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat kidney Nigar Vardi & Hakan Parlakpinar & Burhan Ates & Asli Cetin & Ali Otlu
Received: 3 July 2012 / Accepted: 24 October 2012 / Published online: 10 November 2012 # University of Navarra 2012
Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate a possible protective role of apricot in apoptotic cell death induced by methotrexate (MTX) and renal damage by different histological and biochemical parameters. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups, control, apricot, methotrexate, and apricot + methotrexate. Methotrexate induced renal failure, as shown by significant serum creatinine and urea elevation. Additionally, the results indicated that methotrexate significantly induced lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant activities in rats. In contrast, apricot significantly prevented toxic effects of methotrexate via increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels but decreased formation of malondialdehyde. Also, it was determined that exposure to methotrexate leads to significant histological damage in kidney tissue such as glomerulosclerosis and apoptosis. On the other hand, these effects can be eliminated with apricot diet. These data indicate that apricot may be useful in preventing undesirable effects of MTX such as nephrotoxicity. Keywords Apricot . Kidney . Apoptosis . Nutritional antioxidants . Rat N. Vardi (*) : H. Parlakpinar : B. Ates : A. Cetin : A. Otlu Inonu University, Malatya, Centrum, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Epidemiologic evidence increasingly supports the concept that diets rich in fruits and vegetables promote health and may attenuate various conditions or delay their onset [20, 47]. Some studies show that the health benefits of fruits and vegetables are related to their antioxidant constituents, including vitamins, carotenoids, and flavonoids. Dietary antioxidant compounds are believed to protect against chronic disease by mitigating free radical damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA [15]. The apricot used in this study is widely produced in the province of Malatya in eastern Turkey. Recent statistics indicate that about 80 % of world apricot production originates in this area; 95 % is marketed as dry fruit [2]. Since apricot contains polyphenols, flavonoids, β-carotene, and vitamins A and C, there is a foundation for assuming that it may have antioxidant properties [28, 39, 40]. Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in the treatment of clinical conditions such as breast cancer, lymphoma, stomach cancer, urinary bladder cancer, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis [3]. It has been shown to promote cell death through apoptosis of both cancerous and non-transformed cells [27]. Apoptotic cell death, a well-recognized phenomenon in various circumstances including renal disease, is frequently observed in acute renal failure;
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it might play a pathogenic role in renal dysfunction [18]. Multiple factors are known to induce re
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