Toxicity of BSA-stabilized Silver Nanoparticles on Immune Circulating Cells
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Toxicity of BSA-stabilized Silver Nanoparticles on Immune Circulating Cells Imani Hayman1, Patrick Mehl2, Veena Kapoor3, and Otto Wilson4 1 Pharmaceutical Science, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059 2 Biomagnetics Group, Vitreous State Laboratory, Catholic University, Washington, DC, 20064 3 Flow Core Facility, Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892 4 Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University, Washington, DC, 20064 ABSTRACT Silver nanoparticles have shown immense potential in many biomedical applications, specifically wound healing. These nanoparticles reduce the degree of inflammation in wounds and increase the rate of wound healing overall in a dosedependent manner. Moreover, silver nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. While the mechanism of action for silver nanoparticles is not clear, current studies focus on the effect of silver nanoparticles on recipient cells and tissues. It is shown that silver nanoparticles are more toxic to these recipient cells in comparison to other metal nanoparticles. This suggests that the bactericidal properties of the silver nanoparticles are size dependent. Our present work investigates the toxicity level of silver nanoparticles on specific immune circulating cells. The approach is to report the LD50 level as a function of the ratio of the nanoparticles concentration (ppm) to the cell concentration (cell number/ml) used in the assays. This method allows a normalization of the LD50 capable to compare the toxicity of the nanoparticle on different types of cells. INTRODUCTION Nanoparticles have been at the forefront of many biomedical applications due to their potential capability to be directed to specific sites of interactions (1). The field of metal nanoparticle biomedical applications has been expanded from gold and iron nanoparticles to other active metals (2). Silver, in particular, occupies a unique niche in the field of nanotechnology largely because of its effectiveness as an antimicrobial agent (3,4). Recent results have shown that silver nanoparticles exhibit size dependent interactions with the HIV virus that result in virucidal action (5). The modes of action for the silver nanoparticles are still under investigation and the present concern is to assess the safety of these silver nanoparticles on the recipient cells and tissues (6,7). It was found that silver nanoparticles are still noticeably toxic for these cells when compared to other active metal nanoparticles (2,8). This consideration of a possible toxicity on the recipient especially in the conditions of wound healing is important as the use of silver as a supplement antibiotic is performed in a systematic procedure (9,10). It has been known that free silver ions interacts with the cells by increasing the release of calcium ions from the intracellular storage vesicles by oxidation of the sulfhydryl residues on the membrane (Ca2+-Mg 2+) ATPase (11). This ionic release is an important step in the cellular
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