Quantitative proteomics revealed the putative biomarker for detection of early-stage intra-mammary gland infection in co
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Quantitative proteomics revealed the putative biomarker for detection of early‑stage intra‑mammary gland infection in cow Shveta Bathla1,2 · Anil Sindhu2 · Sudarshan Kumar1 · Shivam Kumar Dubey1 · Smaranika Pattnaik1 · Preeti Rawat1 · Alka Chopra1 · Ashok Kumar Mohanty1 Received: 8 February 2020 / Revised: 23 August 2020 / Accepted: 26 August 2020 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract Mastitis is defined as inflammation of the mammary gland and one of the most serious concerns with regard to milk production and animal health in the dairy industry. Indeed, mastitis has marked influence on the milk constituents, quality and yield. We performed a comparative proteome analysis of the bovine milk obtained from healthy, sub-clinical and clinical mastitis from Indian indigenous cattle Karan Fries. The collected milk was categorized for stage of mastitis using somatic cell count (SCC), California Mastitis Test (CMT). Whey tryptic peptides were labeled with isobaric tags (iTRAQ), followed by fractionation and desalting and subjected to nano-LC coupled MS (ESI-q-TOF). Using high-resolution MS-based quantitative proteomics, we identified a total of 851 proteins with unique peptide ≥ 2, out of which 231 proteins were differentially expressed having 197 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated proteins having fold change threshold ≥ 2 to ≤ 0.5, respectively. Gene ontology and protein–protein interaction enabled us to correlate the association of DEPs with potential pathways enriched during mammary gland infection. The current study reports potential protein targets which may have potential as biomarkers for identification of mammary gland infection at early stage. Keywords Sub-clinical mastitis · iTRAQ · LC–MS/MS · ESI-q-TOF · Gene ontology · Protein–protein interaction
Introduction Milk is an essential source of nutrients for human beings and key ingredient of a wide variety of dairy food products. India ranks first in the world for milk production with an estimated 175 million tons (https://dairy.ahdb.org.uk/). Pathophysiological condition, such as mastitis in dairy cows, influences milk composition, quality and yield. The economic losses due to mastitis have increased about 115fold in the last five decades (Bardhan 2013). The annual Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42485-020-00045-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sudarshan Kumar [email protected] * Ashok Kumar Mohanty [email protected] 1
National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Sonepat, India
2
economic loss due to mastitis has been calculated to be Rs. 7165.51 crores, the losses being almost the same for cows (3649.56 crores) and buffaloes (3515.95 crores) (Mathew et al. 2008; Das et al. 2018). Infection of lactating mammary gland caused by pathogenic microorganisms leads to inflammation of mammary gland, and dysbiosis of milk microbiome
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