Recovery of nanosized silica and lignin from sugarcane bagasse waste and their engineering in fabrication of composite m
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Recovery of nanosized silica and lignin from sugarcane bagasse waste and their engineering in fabrication of composite membrane for water purification Baljinder Singh Kauldhar 1 & Balwinder Singh Sooch 2 & Shushil Kumar Rai 1 & Varun Kumar 1 & Sudesh Kumar Yadav 1 Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Environmental benign catalytic process was developed for the valorisation of sugarcane bagasse into functional nanomaterials. Bagasse saccharification was carried out with an acid catalyst (H2SO4 0.5%, wt/wt) to separate sugars after pre-treatment of biomass with ethanol. Subsequently, a combination of peroxide and base (0.5% H2O2, wt/wt and 1% NaOH, wt/wt) was stacked to concurrently synthesise SiO2 (35 nm with 5.65% yield) and lignin (20 nm with 10.15% yield) from bagasse slurry. In the final step, precipitation using catalyst was completed to separate highly pure functional materials in powdered form. Zeta potential (ζ) of the synthesised materials was found to be − 35.6 mV for SiO2 and − 13.1 mV for lignin. Obtained silica and lignin nanomaterials were used in the fabrication of strong as well as flexible functional membrane for purification of solute particles and gases. The adsorption/desorption curve of the developed functional membrane showed type II isotherm with a H3 hysteresis loop. The observed Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of the membrane was 400.3 m2/g. The pore size and pore volume as recorded by Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method was 25.5 nm and 0.624 cm3/g, respectively. Hence, the developed simple and sustainable process could be highly suitable for filtration of contaminated water and air purification. Keywords Sugarcane . Bagasse . Agro-waste . Silica . Lignin . Nanomaterials
Introduction Agro-waste pollution, energy crisis and climate change are major issues to be faced by mankind in the coming years (Arancon et al. 2013). Most importantly, the management of agro-residue waste produced at mega-scale is a key challenge for sustainable development. In the twenty-first century, innovative methods are being targeted to derive value-added products from agro-residues as a possible alternative to biomass burning (Gavahian et al. 2019; Didaskalou et al. 2017; Arshadi et al. 2016). Valorisation of agro-residual biomass as cheap substrate material to generate a variety of products Responsible Editor: Angeles Blanco * Sudesh Kumar Yadav [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali 140 306, India
2
Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Punjabi University, Patiala 147 002, India
has attracted attention worldwide. The failure to tackle largescale release of hazardous gases by burning of agriculture leftover accounted for nearly 1/3rd of climate change (Edenhofer et al. 2014). With burning of such agro-biomass, elements like C, H and O of these residual materials are transformed into highly combustib
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