Resistance of a Halobacterium salinarum isolate from a solar saltern to cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, and copper
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Resistance of a Halobacterium salinarum isolate from a solar saltern to cadmium, lead, nickel, zinc, and copper Houda Baati . Mariem Siala . Chafai Azri . Emna Ammar . Christopher Dunlap . Mohamed Trigui
Received: 29 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The current study focuses on the tolerance of a strain of Halobacterium salinarum isolated from Sfax solar saltern (Tunisia) towards cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) by using agar dilution methods in complex and minimal media. The results showed the least inhibitory metals based on Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were lead (MIC = 4.5 mM), cadmium (MIC = 4 mM), and nickel (MIC = 2.5 mM) in complex medium. The MICs of these metals were more inhibitory (MIC \ 2 mM) in the other tested media. The archaeal strain revealed a high sensitivity for copper and zinc, with MICs below 0.5 mM for both
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-020-01475-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Baati (&) C. Azri E. Ammar M. Trigui Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development ‘‘LASED’’, LR17ES32, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia e-mail: [email protected] M. Siala Research Laboratory of Environmental ToxicologyMicrobiology and Health, LR17ES06, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia C. Dunlap Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
metals. Growth kinetics in complex and minimal media showed the strain to be more sensitive to the metals in liquid media than in solid media. The growth kinetic assays indicated the presence of selected heavy metals resulted in a lower growth rate and lower total cell mass relative to the control. Despite that cadmium and lead are nonessential and have no nutrient value, they were the most tolerated metals by H. salinarum strain. In addition, pigment intensity in the strain was inhibited by the presence of the heavy metals relative to the control. Keywords Solar saltern Halobacterium salinarum Heavy metals Minimal inhibitory concentrations Tolerance Growth kinetics Generation time
Introduction Heavy metal contamination is commonly found in saline and hypersaline soil environments due to the same processes that causes salinity; accumulation through evaporation or as a result of industrial activities (Voica et al. 2016). Natural habitats, such as estuaries, can also be contaminated with heavy metals and salts, through similar processes allowing these compounds to accumulate. These problems are exacerbated by anthropogenic activities, such as urbanization or industrialization, leading to greater
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
introduction of these compounds into ecosystems (Srivastava and Kowshik 2013). The combination of high salt and heavy metal stress influence the
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