Simple and effective strategy to synthesize porous carbon with controlled structures for supercapacitor
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RESEARCH PAPER
Simple and effective strategy to synthesize porous carbon with controlled structures for supercapacitor Yan Dong
&
Hao Niu & Huiming Lin & Fengyu Qu
Received: 6 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract With remarkable electrochemical stability/ conductivity and abundant porous structure, porous carbon electrodes can store considerable amount of charge electrostatically by reversible adsorption of electrolyte, thereby showing high capacity and cycle stability for supercapacitor. However, there was lack of simple and effective ways to synthesize porous carbon materials with controllable structures. Herein, porous carbon materials with controlled structures (copper coin, 3D framework with closed-packing order, and hollow sphere) have been synthesized by an extension of Stöber method using phenolic resin as carbon sources. SiO 2 nanoparticles (120 nm) were used as the macroporous templates and Pluronic F127/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as mesoporous templates. Adjusting the amount of TEOS helped to explore the synthesis mechanism. As-synthesized porous carbon materials exhibit high surface area of 316–482 m2 g−1 and large pore volumes of 0.306–0.748 cm3 g−1. The materials thereby obtained when used as electrodes in capacitors demonstrate specific capacitance (up to 83 F g −1 at 5 mV s −1 ) and good robustness after Y. Dong : H. Niu : H. Lin (*) : F. Qu (*) College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Y. Dong Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519041, People’s Republic of China
2000 cycles, which contributed by their abundant porous structure, large surface area/pore volume, morphology, and electrochemical conductivity. Keywords Porous carbon . Controlled nanostructures . Supercapacitor . Mixed template
Introduction Nowadays, the development of clean, efficient and substance energy devices are urgent need in the rapid increasing global economy and technology because of the increasing environment pollution and the depletion of fossil fuels (Wang et al. 2012; Hao et al. 2018; Li et al. 2016a). Due to high power density, long lifecycle and the function as bridge for energy and power gap between high energy storage include batteries and fuel cells and high power output instruments such as traditional dielectric capacitors, supercapacitors have attracted significant attention and generalization all of the world (Li et al. 2016a; Sumboja et al. 2018; Najib and Erdem 2019; Chang et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018; Zhou et al. 2019; Salunkhe et al. 2014; Sun et al. 2020; Fu et al. 2020; Zou et al. 2018; Tuncer et al. 2019; Alaş et al. 2019; Kasap et al. 2019; Chang et al. 2017; Veeramani et al. 2017; Heimbӧckel et al. 2018; Salunkhe et al. 2016). Generally, there are several types of materials that have been employed as electrode material for supercapacitors, including conductivity polymers (Chang et al
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