Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine From Molecular Embryology to
Defined as, “The science about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage,” embryology has been a mainstay at universities throughout the world for many years. Throughout the last century, embryology became overshad
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Krishnarao Appasani Raghu K. Appasani Editors
Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine From Molecular Embryology to Tissue Engineering
Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine
Series Editor Kursad Turksen [email protected]
For other titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/7896
Krishnarao Appasani Raghu K. Appasani Editors
Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine From Molecular Embryology to Tissue Engineering Foreword by Sir John B. Gurdon
Editors Krishnarao Appasani GeneExpressions Systems, Inc Waltham, MA 02454 USA [email protected]
Raghu K. Appasani Student Science Boston, MA USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-60761-859-1 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-860-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-860-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938600 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Embryology is a branch of biology that has an immediate bearing on the problem of “life.” Life cannot be fully accounted for without an understanding of its dynamic nature, which expresses itself in the incessant production of new organisms in the process of ontogenetic development. Therefore, embryology is defined as the science of the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage. Teaching of embryology has long been an established feature at universities throughout the world, both for students in biology and students in medical sciences. During the twentieth century most of this science has been overshadowed by experimental-based genetics and cell biology, which have turned classical embryology into “developmental biology.” Several universities are now teaching developmental biology instead of embryology as a course in biology programs. Significant contributions made in the twenty-first century in the fields of molecular biology, biochemistry, and genomics, integrated with embryology and developmental biology, provide an understanding of the molecular portrait of a “developmental cell.” This integrated approach to development is incorporated in the present book as “stem cell biology,” a new sister branch of embryology/developmental biology that emphasizes the study of self-renewal, differentiation, plur
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