Stronger Stimulation of Waste Activated Sludge Anaerobic Fermentation by a Particular Amount of Micron-Sized Zero Valent
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Stronger Stimulation of Waste Activated Sludge Anaerobic Fermentation by a Particular Amount of Micron-Sized Zero Valent Iron Ruyue Guo 1 & Xuna Liu 1 & Yutian Hu 1 & Junjie Li 1,2 & Jiahao Chen 1 & Lina Pang 1 & Ping Yang 1 Received: 7 December 2019 / Accepted: 23 April 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
An emerging contaminant, micron-sized zero valent iron (mZVI) has been reported to be accumulated in waste activated sludge (WAS). In the present study, the potential effects of mZVI on WAS anaerobic fermentation performance, as well as the shift of the microbial community composition and function, were assessed. Results from batch experiments indicated that a particular concentration of mZVI (1.5 g/L, in the range of 0.0 to 5.0 g/L) improved volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulation by 4.84 times that in the control group, the ability (dosage dependent) to remove phosphorus, and the dewaterability of fermented WAS from 126 ± 5 s (control group) to 104 ± 3 s (group with 1.5 g/L mZVI). Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing revealed that mZVI had no significant impact on the shift of microbial community structure, but directly stimulated the functional performance related to anaerobic fermentation. This study will provide new insights into the mZVI application and its effect on WAS utilization. Keywords Anaerobic fermentation . Micron-sized zero valent iron (mZVI) . Acidification . Microbial community . Function stimulation
Introduction Waste activated sludge (WAS), because of its increasing quantity and complicated composition, may cause severe secondary pollution if treated inappropriately [1, 2]. Anaerobic Ruyue Guo and Xuna Liu contributed equally to this work.
* Lina Pang [email protected]
1
College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
2
Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville Victoria, Melbourne 3010, Australia
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
fermentation included in anaerobic digestion has been considered one of the most costeffective methods for WAS reduction and utilization [3–6]. Furthermore, the volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced in anaerobic fermentation can be used as internal carbon resources [7]. However, anaerobic fermentation efficiency is dependent on the hydrolysis rate [8] and is sensitive to multiple factors, such as pH, temperature, retention time, and coexisting pollutants [9–11]. Besides, enormous amounts of contaminants are absorbed and enriched in WAS, such as persistent organics, heavy metals, and other emerging pollutants, which may have different impacts on the microbial community during the anaerobic fermentation process, causing variation in fermentation performance [12]. It has been stated that tetracycline caused persistent toxicity to microbes resulting from its strong adsorption potential in activated sludge [13]. Moreover, Zn(II) concentration will influence the structure of dominant bacteria in biological treatment of wastewat
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