Suturable regenerated silk fibroin scaffold reinforced with 3D-printed polycaprolactone mesh: biomechanical performance
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TISSUE ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTS AND CELL SUBSTRATES Original Research
Suturable regenerated silk fibroin scaffold reinforced with 3D-printed polycaprolactone mesh: biomechanical performance and subcutaneous implantation Ibrahim Fatih Cengiz1,2 Helder Pereira1,2,3,4 João Espregueira-Mendes1,2,5,6,7 Il Keun Kwon8 Rui L. Reis1,2,9 Joaquim Miguel Oliveira1,2,9 ●
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Received: 12 February 2019 / Accepted: 6 May 2019 / Published online: 24 May 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The menisci have crucial roles in the knee, chondroprotection being the primary. Meniscus repair or substitution is favored in the clinical management of the meniscus lesions with given indications. The outstanding challenges with the meniscal scaffolds include the required biomechanical behavior and features. Suturability is one of the prerequisites for both implantation and implant survival. Therefore, we proposed herein a novel highly interconnected suturable porous scaffolds from regenerated silk fibroin that is reinforced with 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) mesh in the middle, on the transverse plane to enhance the suture-holding capacity. Results showed that the reinforcement of the silk fibroin scaffolds with the PCL mesh increased the suture retention strength up to 400%, with a decrease in the mean porosity and an increase in crystallinity from 51.9 to 55.6%. The wet compression modulus values were significantly different for silk fibroin, and silk fibroin + PCL mesh by being 0.16 ± 0.02, and 0.40 ± 0.06 MPa, respectively. Both scaffolds had excellent interconnectivity (>99%), and a high water uptake feature (>500%). The tissue’s infiltration and formation of new blood vessels were assessed by means of performing an in vivo subcutaneous implantation of the silk fibroin + PCL mesh scaffolds that were seeded with primary human meniscocytes or stem cells. Regarding suturability and in vivo biocompatibility, the findings of this study indicate that the silk fibroin + PCL mesh scaffolds are suitable for further studies to be carried out for meniscus tissue engineering applications such as the studies involving orthotopic meniscal models and fabrication of patient-specific implants.
* Ibrahim Fatih Cengiz [email protected] 1
3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
2
ICVS/3B’s – PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/ Guimarães, Portugal
3
Ripoll y De Prado Sports Clinic: Murcia-Madrid FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Madrid, Spain
4
Orthopedic Department Centro Hospitalar Póvoa de Varzim, Vila do Conde, Portugal
5
Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
6
Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Por
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