The alarming vulnerability of Coffea canephora varieties and germplasm to a virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv.
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The alarming vulnerability of Coffea canephora varieties and germplasm to a virulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, the cause of bacterial halo blight of coffee in Brazil Lucas Mateus Rivero Rodrigues 1 & Vinicius Teixeira Andrade 1 & Murilo Galhardo Carneiro 1 & Suzete Aparecida Lanza Destéfano 2 & Luis Otávio Saggion Beriam 2 & Masako Toma Braghini 1 & Luis Carlos Fazuoli 1 & Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho 1 Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 20 November 2020 # Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.) 2020
Abstract Bacterial halo blight caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae is a limiting disease to the coffee crop due to difficulty and low efficiency of the chemical control on field conditions. The simultaneous use of windbreaks and resistant cultivars seem to be the most appropriate measure of disease management. Although the bacterial halo blight resistance has been extensively studied in Coffea arabica, information about the reaction of C. canephora germplasm is not available. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify resistance sources to the bacterial halo blight in C. canephora germplasm, for use in breeding programs. Several commercial cultivars, botanical varieties, clones and hybrids of C. canephora were tested against a highly virulent P. syringae pv. garcae strain through artificial inoculations in greenhouse conditions. Only 1.4% of 2.421 evaluated plants were considered resistant to the disease. Our results showed the alarming vulnerability of Coffea canephora crop and germplasm to the bacterial halo blight from Brazil and the need to select resistant cultivars. Keywords Coffee breeding . Conilon . Disease resistance. Resistant cultivars . Robusta
Bacterial halo blight (BHB), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae (Psg) Amaral et al. (1956) (Young et al. 1978) is widespread in main Brazilian Arabica coffeeproducing regions and causes yield losses due to the absence of an efficient chemical control. The disease incidence has been increasing too in regions where Coffea canephora is grown, species that account to 25% of the Brazilian coffee production. Intensification in demand has increased the participation of C. canephora in the global coffee economy and also the area under Robusta crop, increasing the risks of the incidence of diseases such as BHB. Furthermore, there is a lack of infor-
* Lucas Mateus Rivero Rodrigues [email protected] 1
Centro de Café Alcides Carvalho, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Campinas, SP, Brazil
2
Instituto Biológico, Campinas, SP, Brazil
mation about the resistance sources of this species to the disease. Botanical varieties, elite cultivars and clones of C. canephora and progenies from C. canephora x C. arabica hybrids were evaluated to BHB resistance in two experiments. In the first experiment (Table 1) we evaluated 1.310 plants from 52 open-pollinated progenies of C. canephora, one clone of tetraploid C. canephora plant and its seminal progeny, four Timor Hybrid (TH) varieties, one F1 Arabusta hybrid, o
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