The Nuclear Receptor Superfamily Methods and Protocols
This volume aims to describe a complementary range of molecular, cell biological, and in vivo protocols used to investigate the structure–function of nuclear receptors, together with experimental approaches that may lead to new drugs to selectiv
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Iain J. McEwan Editor
The Nuclear Receptor Superfamily Methods and Protocols Second Edition
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
The Nuclear Receptor Superfamily Methods and Protocols Second Edition
Edited by
Iain J. McEwan School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
Editor Iain J. McEwan School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-3722-6 ISBN 978-1-4939-3724-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3724-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016933673 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York
Preface It is now 30 years since the first steroid receptor cDNAs were cloned, a development that led to the concept of a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors: the nuclear receptors. Nuclear receptors share a common architecture at the protein level, but a remarkable diversity is observed in terms of natural ligands and xenobiotics that bind to and regulate receptor function. Natural ligands for nuclear receptors are generally lipophilic in nature and include steroid hormones, bile acids, fatty acids, thyroid hormones, certain vitamins, and prostaglandins. A significant proportion of the family members have been described as orphans, as the natural ligand, if it exists, remains to be identified. Nuclear receptors act principally to directly control patterns of gene expression and play vital roles during development and in the r
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