Kosmotoga arenicorallina sp. nov. a thermophilic and obligately anaerobic heterotroph isolated from a shallow hydrotherm
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Kosmotoga arenicorallina sp. nov. a thermophilic and obligately anaerobic heterotroph isolated from a shallow hydrothermal system occurring within a coral reef, southern part of the Yaeyama Archipelago, Japan, reclassification of Thermococcoides shengliensis as Kosmotoga shengliensis comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Kosmotoga Takuro Nunoura • Miho Hirai • Hiroyuki Imachi • Masayuki Miyazaki • Hiroko Makita • Hisako Hirayama • Yasuo Furushima • Hiroyuki Yamamoto Ken Takai
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Received: 29 May 2010 / Revised: 20 July 2010 / Accepted: 26 July 2010 / Published online: 8 August 2010 Ó Springer-Verlag 2010
Abstract A novel thermophilic and sulfur-reducing bacterium, strain S304T, was isolated from the Taketomi submarine hot spring shallow hydrothermal field located at southern part of the Yaeyama Archipelago, Japan. The cells were non-motile short thick rods or oval cocci 1.1–2.7 lm in length and 1.1–1.9 lm in width. Strain S304T was an obligately anaerobic heterotroph and sulfur reduction stimulates growth. Growth was observed between 50–65°C (optimum 60°C), pH 6.2–8.0 (optimum pH 7.1), 1.0–6.0% NaCl concentration (optimum 3.0%). The fatty acid composition was C16:0 (71.4%), C18:0 (20.9%) and C18:1 (7.7%). The G ? C content of genomic DNA was 40.8 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain S304T belonged to the genus Kosmotoga. Based on physiological and phylogenetic features of a new isolate, we propose new species in the genus Kosmotoga: the type strain of Kosmotoga arenicorallina Communicated by Harald Huber. T. Nunoura (&) M. Hirai H. Imachi M. Miyazaki H. Makita H. Hirayama K. Takai Subsurface Geobiology & Advanced Research (SUGAR) Project, Extremobiosphere Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan e-mail: [email protected] Y. Furushima H. Yamamoto Marine Biodiversity Research Program, Institute of Biogeosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan
sp. nov is S304T (=JCM 15790T = DSM22549T). Thermococcoides shengliensis 2SM-2T is phylogenetically associated with Kosmotoga olearia 14.5.1T. Based on the phylogenetic relationship between Thermococcoides shengliensis 2SM-2T and Kosmotoga olearia 14.5.1T, we propose the reclassification of Thermococcoides shengliensis as Kosmotoga shengliensis comb. nov. (type strain 2SM-2T). In addition, an emended description of the genus Kosmotoga is proposed. Keywords Kosmotoga Thermococcoides Thermotogales Hydrothermal Thermophile Anaerobe Introduction The order Thermotogales that is composed of seven genera, Thermotoga, Thermosipho, Fervidobacterium, Petrotoga, Geotoga, Marinitoga and Kosmotoga, has been isolated from variety of high temperature environments such as deep-sea hydrothermal vents, hot springs and oil reservoirs. In addition, distribution of Thermotogales species has also been observed in thermophilic anae
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