Aquimarina salinaria sp. nov., a novel algicidal bacterium isolated from a saltpan
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Aquimarina salinaria sp. nov., a novel algicidal bacterium isolated from a saltpan Wen-Ming Chen • Fu-Sian Sheu • Shih-Yi Sheu
Received: 21 April 2011 / Accepted: 29 June 2011 / Published online: 16 July 2011 Ó Springer-Verlag 2011
Abstract A bacterial strain designated antisso-27T, previously isolated from saltpan in Taiwan while screening for bacteria for algicidal activity, was characterized using the polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain antisso-27T was Gram-negative, aerobic, brownish yellow colored, rod-shaped, non-flagellated and non-gliding. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain antisso-27T belonged to the genus Aquimarina within the family Flavobacteriaceae with relatively low sequence similarities of 94.0–96.6% to other valid Aquimarina spp. It contained iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:1 and iso-C15:0 3-OH as the main fatty acids and contained a menaquinone with six isoprene units (MK-6) as the major isoprenoid quinone. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized aminolipid and five uncharacterized phospholipids. Strain antisso-27T employed direct mode of algicidal lysis to Chlorella vulgaris strain 211-31; nevertheless, it released an algicidal substance against M. aeruginosa strain MTY01. This is the first study that the Aquimarina species possesses
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-011-0730-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. W.-M. Chen Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan F.-S. Sheu S.-Y. Sheu (&) Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Marine University, No. 142, Hai-Chuan Rd. Nan-Tzu, Kaohsiung City 811, Taiwan e-mail: [email protected]
both direct and indirect algicidal activities. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain antisso-27T should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name A. salinaria sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A. salinaria antisso-27T (= BCRC 80080T = LMG 25375T). Keywords Aquimarina salinaria Algicidal activity Polyphasic taxonomy Phylogeny
Introduction Harmful algal blooms are natural phenomena that occur across the world. These algal blooms cause significant decreases in dissolved oxygen and have an effect on fisheries, aquaculture, drinking water, tourism and human health (Anderson 1997; Romanowska-Duda et al. 2002; Codd et al. 2005; Qin et al. 2010). Over the past several decades, the occurrence of harmful algal blooms has increased, likely due to several factors, including environmental pollution and global warming (Paerl and Huisman 2008; Qin et al. 2010). As an effective and environment friendly strategy to control harmful algal bloom outbreaks, biological methods using the direct type bacteria capable of killing the harmful algae by
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