Use of cyclodextrins to improve the production of plant bioactive compounds
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Use of cyclodextrins to improve the production of plant bioactive compounds ´ ngeles Pedren˜o Lorena Almagro . Marı´a A
Received: 10 February 2020 / Accepted: 23 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of D-glucopyranose units bound via a-(1,4)glycosidic linkages. They are obtained from starch enzymatic degradation by the action of cyclodextrinases or glycosyltransferases. Among the modifiedcyclodextrins, 2-hydroxypropylated and methylated b-cyclodextrins are produced on industrial scale. Particularly, methylated b-cyclodextrins are more suitable than native b-cyclodextrins to form stable inclusion complexes with organic molecules of low molecular weight, making these complexes more soluble in aqueous solutions. Cyclodextrins have often been considered useful carriers of antitumor- and immuno-regulatory drugs, and they have also been used as additives for food industry. It is also important to note that cyclodextrins are used for improving bioactive compound production in plant cell cultures because of cyclodextrins ability as ‘‘hosts’’ of bioactive compounds favoring their accumulation in aqueous media. In fact, the treatment of plant cell cultures with cyclodextrins and their derivatives increases the production of secondary metabolites such as resveratrol, ajmalicine, serpentine, lutein, arachidin, among other antioxidant compounds, enhancing the capability of plant in vitro cultures to produce high levels of
different bioactive compounds which have beneficial properties for human health. In addition, metabolomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies have been carried out on both control and cyclodextrins-treated cell cultures offering important clues about how cyclodextrins are capable of substantially increasing the production of bioactive compounds in plant in vitro cultures. This review focuses on the effect of cyclodextrins on both bioactive compound production and their accumulation, which could be of great interest for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords Bioactive compounds Cyclodextrins Elicitation Gene expression Plant in vitro cultures Abbreviations CD Cyclodextrins DW Dry weight FW Fresh weight GSTU Tau class glutathione-S-transferase ITC Isothermal titration calorimetry MJ Methyl jasmonate NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance ROS Reactive oxygen species
´ . Pedren˜o L. Almagro (&) M. A Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
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Phytochem Rev
Introduction Cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of D-glucopyranose units bound via a-(1,4)glycosidic linkages (Fig. 1). CD can be classified as a-, b, or c-CD cyclohexa-, hepta or octaamylose, respectively (Fig. 1). They are obtained from starch enzymatic degradation by the action of a group of amylases such as cyclodextrinases or
glycosyltransferases (Gentili 2020). Moreover, there are other types of CD whic
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