ZnO nanoparticles embedded in graphene xerogel as anode materials in Zn/Ni batteries with superior electrochemical perfo
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ORIGINAL PAPER
ZnO nanoparticles embedded in graphene xerogel as anode materials in Zn/Ni batteries with superior electrochemical performances Zicong Yang 1 & Meiqi Yu 2 & Yueming Li 1 Received: 13 May 2020 / Revised: 17 July 2020 / Accepted: 19 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In order to enhance practical applications of Zn/Ni batteries as rechargeable batteries, it is critical to increase their cycling stability. Herein, ZnO nanoparticles are embedded in xerogel of reduced graphene oxide to form ZnO/reduced graphene oxide composites via a simple one-step hydrothermal treatment. As anode in Zn/Ni batteries, the as-prepared ZnO/reduced graphene oxide composites exhibit high specific capacity (~ 580 mAh·g−1 at 6.5 Ag−1) and excellent cycling stability (stable within 1700 cycles). The introduction of reduced graphene oxide xerogel in the composites is found to immensely improve the electron transfer and long-term cycling stability of the composites. The as-prepared composites are extremely promising as anode in Zn/Ni batteries considering their facile preparation and superb electrochemical performance. Keywords Zn/Ni battery . Nanoparticle . Graphene xerogel . ZnO . Cycling stability
Introduction As electric appliances have become necessary part of our modern lives, better energy storage devices like secondary batteries and/or supercapacitor are highly desired [1–4]. There are several kinds of secondary batteries, such as Liion, PbO2-acid, Ni-metal hydrogen, potassium-ion (K-ion), and sodium-ion batteries [5, 6]. However, some batteries can cause severe pollution to the environment because of the use of toxic elements, such as Pb element in Pb-acid batteries [7]. With the urgent requirements for advanced energy storage systems, rechargeable Zn-based batteries have attracted research interest like Zn-Co3O4 battery and Zn-air battery Zicong Yang and Meiqi Yu contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-020-03709-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yueming Li [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei Province, China
2
School of environmental and chemical engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, Hebei Province, China
[8–10]. Among these batteries, the rechargeable alkaline Zn/ Ni batteries exhibit high operating voltage (1.7 V), high specific energy density and power density, smooth discharge plateau, low cost, and environment friendliness [11]. Owing to these advantages, Zn/Ni batteries have been extensively used in portable devices and also been thought as promising energy devices for hybrid/electric vehicles [12, 13]. However, the major issue of Zn/Ni batteries is the short cycle life caused by dendrite growth in Zn anode [14]. The dendrite issue during the charging/discharging proce
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