Aminocella lysinolytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a l -lysine-degrading, strictly anaerobic bacterium in the class Clostridia
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Aminocella lysinolytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a l‑lysine‑degrading, strictly anaerobic bacterium in the class Clostridia isolated from a methanogenic reactor of cattle farms Atsuko Ueki · Toru Shibuya · Nobuo Kaku · Katsuji Ueki
Received: 17 September 2014 / Revised: 17 November 2014 / Accepted: 19 November 2014 / Published online: 2 December 2014 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain (WN037T) was isolated from a methanogenic reactor. Cells were Gram-positive rods. Strain WN037T was asaccharolytic. The strain fermented l-lysine in the presence of B-vitamin mixture or vitamin B12 and produced acetate and butyrate. l-arginine and casamino acids poorly supported the growth. Strain WN037T used neither other amino acids nor organic acids examined. The strain had C18:1 ω7c, C16:0 and C18:1 ω7c DMA as the predominant cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 44.2 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain WN037T in the family Eubacteriaceae in the class Clostridia. The closest relative was Eubacterium pyruvativorans (sequence similarity, 92.8 %). Based on the comprehensive analyses, the novel genus and species, Aminocella lysinolytica gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed to accommodate the strain. The type strain is WN037T (= JCM 19863T = DSM 28287T). Keywords Aminocella lysinolytica · Butyrate · Clostridia · l-Lysine · Methanogenesis · Vitamin B12
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain WN037T is AB298740. A. Ueki (*) · T. Shibuya · N. Kaku · K. Ueki Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba‑machi 1‑23, Tsuruoka 997‑8555, Japan e-mail: [email protected]‑u.ac.jp
Introduction Degradation of protein is one of key processes in methanogenesis from waste containing wide variety of organic compounds including municipal sewage sludge and dairy waste. In the process of anaerobic degradation of organic matter, various amino acids are produced by hydrolysis of protein and the amino acids generated are then converted to volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetate, propionate, butyrate and branched fatty acids (isobutyrate and isovalerate) as well as H2 and CO2 by diverse anaerobic bacterial populations. Each amino acid is degraded to different kinds of VFAs depending on the combinations of amino acid and bacterial species concerned (Buckel 1999; Ramsay and Pullammanappallil 2001; Russell 2005; Smith and Macfarlane 1997). VFAs other than acetate are then oxidized to acetate and H2 by fatty acid-oxidizing bacterial groups to be used as substrates for methanogenic archaea. Ammonia released by deamination of amino acids should balance the decrease in pH with accumulation of VFAs in methanogenic sludge. Some groups of asaccharolytic, oral anaerobic Gram-positive rods have been reported to ferment amino acids and often predominate in human periodontal pockets (Uematsu and Hoshino 1996; Uematsu et al. 2003), and ‘hyperammonia-producin
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