Analgesia Methods and Protocols
Chronic pain is a complex phenomenon, which continues to remain undertreated in the majority of affected patients thus representing a significant unmet medical need, but the development of cellular, subcellular, and molecular methods of approaching this e
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Molecular Biology™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
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Analgesia Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Arpad Szallasi Department of Pathology and Laboratories, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, NJ, USA
Editor Arpad Szallasi, MD, Ph.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratories Monmouth Medical Center Long Branch, NJ USA [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60327-322-0 e-ISBN 978-1-60327-323-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-323-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010924278 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover illustration: Inset image: Distribution and concentration of mu-opioid receptors, the site of action of the opiate analgesics, in the human brain. This is a three-dimensional representation, that shows the concentration in color coding from lower (blue, green) to highest (red). Mu-opioid receptors were quantified using positron emission tomography and the selective radiotracer [11C]carfentanil. The receptor maps were superimposed over a magnetic resonance image of the same subject. Provided by Dr. Jon-Kar Zubieta. Background image: Adapted from Figure 3 of Chapter 26. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword We congratulate the editor, Dr. Arpad Szallasi, for enlisting outstanding experts active in important areas of pain research to contribute to this book and for the breadth of topics presented – from the molecular level to clinical application. Freedom from pain is argued by some to be a fundamental human right. Despite tremendous breakthroughs in our understanding of the biological basis of pain perception and the treatment of pain, freedom from pain cannot be guaranteed. More research that builds upon the c
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