Carbon Nanotubes Methods and Protocols
Due to their rare combination of high chemical stability, exceptional optical and electrical properties, high surface-to-volume ratio, and high aspect ratio, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have made an enormous impact on materials science, molecular biology, bio
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Molecular Biology™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
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Carbon Nanotubes Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Kannan Balasubramanian Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
Marko Burghard Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany
Editors Kannan Balasubramanian, Ph.D. Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung Stuttgart Germany [email protected]
Marko Burghard, Ph.D. Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung Stuttgart Germany [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60761-577-4 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-579-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-579-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010920245 © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Since their discovery in 1991, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have had an enormous impact in materials science. More recently, CNTs have successfully entered the fields of molecular biology, biomedicine, and bioanalytical chemistry. Much of the increasing interest in CNTs is owed to their rare combination of high chemical stability and exceptional optical and electrical properties. Another major factor that has promoted the utilization of CNTs in biological sciences is their unique structure. In fact, their high surface-to-volume ratio and high aspect ratio render them close-to-ideal candidates as active components of biosensors, or as “nanosyringes” enabling the injection of drugs or biological markers into living cells. Over the last couple of years, a wide variety of high-quality CNTs have become commercially available, a fact that has strongly stimulated the recent development of biologyrelated CNT appli
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