Chemotaxis Methods and Protocols

Fundamental to the development and vital functions of organisms, the migration of motile cells due to the detection of shallow gradients of specific chemical signals in their environments, or chemotaxis, can be clearly seen as a major force in cell biolog

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Molecular Biology™

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK



For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651

Chemotaxis Methods and Protocols

Edited by

Tian Jin* and Dale Hereld# *Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA # National Institute on Alcohol, Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA

Editors Tian Jin Laboratory of Immunogenetics National Institute of Allergy   and Infectious Diseases NIH, Rockville, MD USA [email protected]

Dale Hereld National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism NIH, Rockville, MD USA [email protected]

ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-60761-197-4 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-198-1 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-198-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926172 © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013 USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or ­dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Cover illustration: Chapter 13, Figure 2A, page 205 Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface Cell movement is fundamental to the development and other vital functions of organisms. Many motile cells can detect shallow gradients of specific chemical signals in their environments and migrate accordingly. This directed cell movement is called chemotaxis and is essential for various cell types to carry out their biological functions. This book includes state-of-the-art methods for investigating cell migration behaviors, studying molecular components involved in detecting extracellular signals and directing cell movement, visualizing spatiotemporal dynamics of the components in signaling networks of chemotaxis in real time, and constructing quantitative models that simulate chemoattractant-induced cell responses. Various methods to investigate cell movement are presented in Chapters 1–16. These chapters contain experimental procedures to visualize and measure migration behaviors of different kinds of organisms, including bacterial movement in chemoattractant gradients, light-induced responses of prokaryotes, Chlamydomas and Dictyostelium discoideum, electric field-directed movement of eukaryotic cells, chemotropism in the budding yeast, cell migration of D. discoideum, C. e