Complete mitochondrial genome sequence for the Malayan Pangolin Manis javanica (Pholidota, Manidae)
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence for the Malayan Pangolin Manis javanica (Pholidota, Manidae) Weiye Li1,2 • Shiping Gong1,2 • Liushuai Hua1 • Yan Ge1 • Fumin Wang3 Fanghui Hou3
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Received: 19 May 2015 / Accepted: 16 June 2015 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2015
Abstract Manis javanica has been listed as a critically endangered species by IUCN due to over commercial harvesting (for food and medicine) and international trade. Identifying the species and sources of M. javanica in markets is important for resource conservation and trade controls. Mitochondrial DNA is a powerful molecular marker for species identification, phylogeography analysis, population genetics research and evolutionary studies. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of M. javanica. The full length of the complete mitochondrial DNA was 16,576 bp. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes and two rRNA genes. The tRNA genes fold into the expected cloverleaf secondary structures with normal base pairing, except the tRNASer(AGN) which lost the stem of DHC loop. This investigation provides complete mitochondrial genome of M. javanica which is an effective molecular tool for the genetic research and protection of this endangered species. Keywords Manis javanica Mitochondrial DNA Molecular marker
& Shiping Gong [email protected] 1
Guangdong Entomological Institute (South China Institute of Endangered Animals), No. 105, Xin Gang Road West, Guangzhou 510260, China
2
Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangzhou 510260, China
3
Guangdong Provincial Wildlife Rescue Center, Guangzhou 510520, China
Malayan Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest, 1822) belongs to Order Pholidota, Family Manidae. This species has been listed as critically endangered due to over commercial harvesting for its meat and scales, which is primarily driven by exports to China (Challender et al. 2014). To identify the species and sources of M. javanica (or its meat or scales) in markets is important for resource conservation and trade controls. Mitochondrial DNA is a powerful molecular marker not lonely for species identification, phylogeography analysis, but also for population genetics research and evolutionary studies. In this investigation, we sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome in order to provide effective molecular tools for the genetic research of M. javanica. The muscle tissue of M. javanica was collected from captured smuggling Pangolin. Total genomic DNA was extracted using phenol–chloroform extraction method (Sambrook and Russell 2001). First, partial sequences of 16S rRNA, COX1, COX3, ND4 and CYTB genes were amplified and sequenced. Then five pairs of primers were designed according to these sequences, in order to amplify the fragments between the genes. Finally, the fragments were sequenced and assembled into the whole mitochondrial genome sequence of M. javanica. The protein-coding genes and ribosomal RNA genes were id
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