Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the tiny dragonfly, Nannophya pygmaea (Odonata: Libellulidae)
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the tiny dragonfly, Nannophya pygmaea (Odonata: Libellulidae) Su Yeon Jeong1 · Min Jee Kim1 · Ah Rha Wang1 · Sung‑Soo Kim2 · Junghwa An3 · Iksoo Kim1
Received: 26 June 2017 / Accepted: 8 August 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017
Abstract The tiny dragonfly, Nannophya pygmaea (Odonata: Libellulidae), has been listed as an endangered insect in South Korea. We sequenced the complete 15,112-bp-long mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the species. The genome included a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes [PCGs], two rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and one non-coding region with an arrangement identical to that found in most insects. Among the 13 PCGs, only ND1 started with the atypical TTG. The 441-bp-long A+T-rich region possessed the highest A/T content (84.6%) in the genome. N. pygmaea was placed as the sister to Orthetrum species belonging to Libellulidae. Unlike conventional phylogenetic results, the suborders Anisozygoptera and Zygoptera formed a strong sister group in both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods (BI, BPP = 1 and ML, 88–94%), justifying the use of different types of molecular markers for phylogenetic analysis. Keywords Mitochondrial genome · Odonata · Nannophya pygmaea · Endangered species · Phylogeny Nannophya pygmaea (Odonata:Libellulidae), known as the tiny dragonfly, has been listed as a second-degree * Iksoo Kim [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
2
Research Institute for East Asian Environment and Biology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
3
Animal Resources Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
endangered species in South Korea, and it is distributed from Southeast Asia to China, Korea, Japan, and occasionally south of Australia (Ishida et al. 1988; Won et al. 2009). The species is highly vulnerable, in that its habitats are intrinsically ephemeral, small, shallow wetlands (Yoon et al. 2010). Thus, genetic information on N. pygmaea may be crucial for conservation purposes, and the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) may be an adequate unit of genome sequences from several perspectives. In 2016, a male N. pygmaea adult was collected from Muui-do, Incheon City (37°23′12.9″N, 126° 24′58.2″E), South Korea. The DNA was extracted from the hind legs by using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). For sequencing the whole mitogenome, the primers for long overlapping fragments were designed using the available mitogenomes of Odonata (Lee et al. 2009; Wang et al. 2015; Yu et al. 2016). These long fragments (COI-ND5, ND5-CytB; CytB-srRNA, and srRNA-COI) were subsequently used as templates for 24 short fragments (Fig. 1). Other experimental methods have been described elsewhere (Park et al. 2016). The sequence data have been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number KY402222. Phyl
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