Facile biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck fruit extract with excellent ant
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Facile biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck fruit extract with excellent antimicrobial potential against plant pathogens Bhaskarjyoti Gogoi1 · Rupesh Kumar1 · Jnanendra Upadhyay2 · Debajit Borah1 Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by using Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck fruit extract through a simple one step method by reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3) at room temperature. Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck is an indigenously available edible citrus fruit tree in Northeast India and sub-Himalayan foot hills. Formation of AgNPs were confirmed primarily by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and extensively characterized by TEM and XRD. The plasmon resonance at 435 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs and TEM analysis showed AgNPs with average size of 11 ± 3.57 nm. XRD analysis showed crystalline nature of the Ag NPs with fcc lattice points attributed to (111), (200), (222) and (311) planes. The AgNPs showed excellent antimicrobial activities against both Gram positive (Bacillus cereus) and negative (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae) plant pathogens. It exerted MIC value of 20 and 30 µg/mL, respectively against B. cereus and P. syringae pv. Syringae, whereas MBC value of 70 and 80 µg/mL were observed against B. cereus and P syringae pv. Syringae, respectively. The Ag NPs showed no considerable cytotoxicity against murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line which indicates its further possible application for animal model trial. Keywords Green synthesis · Citrus grandis · Plant pathogens · Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae · Bacillus cereus
1 Introduction Metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver have found importance in the field of nanotechnology not only due to their unique optical, electrical, and photothermal properties but also for excellent therapeutic application as antimicrobial agent [1, 2]. Typically, synthesis of nanoparticles is carried out by physical or chemical routes, which are not environment friendly. Therefore green synthesis of metal nanoparticles became an important area of research in recent years in the field of nanobiotechnology which includes the use of plant extracts, animal proteins, agro-wastes, enzymes, pigments, bacteria, fungi and even
viruses. Nevertheless the use of plant based synthesis of NPs are most preferable due to its advantages over the conventional methods of handling difficulties in culturing and maintaining microbial cells [3–7]. Citrus grandis L. Osbeck is an edible fruiting plant species widely available throughout Northeast India. The food and medicinal value of this plant species is widely studied by researchers but is not exploited for its potential application as a reducing and stabilizing agent in green chemistry. Citrus grandis L. Osbeck, locally known as Robab Tenga in Assam (Pomelo in English) belongs to the family Rutaceae, which is widely cultivated in Northeast India and also readily available in sub-Himalayan foothills. A
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