Fast Orange Peel-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Use as Visual Colorimetric Sensor in the Selective Detec
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CHEMISTRY
Fast Orange Peel-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Use as Visual Colorimetric Sensor in the Selective Detection of Mercury(II) Ions Abdulmalik Aminu1 · Sulayman A. Oladepo1 Received: 2 July 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract This paper presents the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using orange (Citrus sinensis) peel extract. The effects of different factors such as silver ion concentration, reaction time, temperature, pH, and extract quantity on the AgNPs synthesis were studied, enabling us to determine optimum synthesis conditions. We characterized the AgNPs with different techniques: UV–Visible Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), FTIR, and XRD. The AgNPs showed yellowish brown to golden brown colors and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band around a wavelength of 420 nm. FESEM images showed polydisperse AgNPs having an average size of about 55 nm. The XRD profile of the synthesized nanoparticles showed peaks that are characteristic of silver while the FTIR spectrum highlighted the functional groups associated with reducing silver ions and stabilizing the AgNPs. With the selected optimum conditions, the AgNPs were formed in less than 1 min. This is the fastest reaction time so far reported and is significantly shorter than in earlier reports. The AgNPs colloid solution was applied as nanosensor in the visual colorimetric detection of mercury(II) ions in water. The golden brown AgNPs colloid solution turned colorless and the characteristic SPR absorption band disappeared when mercury(II) ions were added to the solution. While the AgNPs show good sensitivity and selectivity for the colorimetric detection of mercury(II) ions with a detection limit of 1.24 × 10−6 mol/L (0.25 ppm), we also demonstrated the suitability of the method for detecting mercury(II) ions in drinking water. Keywords Silver nanoparticles · Fast AgNPs synthesis · Colorimetric Hg2+ detection · SPR absorption band · Green AgNPs synthesis
1 Introduction Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a class of noble metal nanoparticles that have attracted research attention due to their dynamic properties and vast areas of applications. These nanoparticles possess the capability to strongly absorb electromagnetic waves in the visible region, they possess favorable optical and electrochemical properties and they also show good biological compatibility and high extinction coefficient [1–3]. Such properties allow their utilization Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-020-05030-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Sulayman A. Oladepo [email protected] Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
in medical, bioimaging, and biosensing applications [4]. The incorporation of nanomaterials into sensing systems is advantageous in the area
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