Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases Methods and Protocols
This volume provides a comprehensive collection of classical and cutting edge protocols and techniques to examine the normal development and physiological functions of the gastrointestinal system and to model the most common digestive diseases. 
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Andrei I. Ivanov Editor
Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases Methods and Protocols
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Gastrointestinal Physiology and Diseases Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Andrei I. Ivanov Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
Editor Andrei I. Ivanov Department of Human and Molecular Genetics VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-3601-4 ISBN 978-1-4939-3603-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3603-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016939592 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York
Preface The gastrointestinal tract is a unique, multifunctional organ in the human body. It is responsible for intake, digestion, and absorption of food, and excretion of bodily waste. It also houses a myriad of commensal and potentially pathogenic microorganisms that have profound effects on host development and homeostasis. Since these microorganisms have to be confined within the gut lumen, the gastrointestinal tract serves as the major impediment protecting internal tissues from invasion by harmful luminal microbes and exposure to their toxins. The gastrointestinal tract is also the largest organ of the immune system and is populated by specialized cells trained for border surveillance and recognition of external dangers. Normal function of the gastrointestinal tract is frequently compromised by genetic factors, infections, stress, life habi
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