Germinal Centers Methods and Protocols
This volume provides key methods and protocols from laboratories engaged in germinal centers (GC) research with the expectation of stimulating further research, and to aid scientists in the study of GC biology and pathology. Written in the highly successf
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Dinis Pedro Calado Editor
Germinal Centers Methods and Protocols
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Germinal Centers Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Dinis Pedro Calado Immunity and Cancer Laboratory The Francis Crick Institute, and King's College London London, UK
Editor Dinis Pedro Calado Immunity and Cancer Laboratory The Francis Crick Institute, and King’s College London London, UK
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-7094-0 ISBN 978-1-4939-7095-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-7095-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017941511 © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover Image: Murine GC: GCR induced by IC retention on FDCs in a mouse LN. AMCA-OVA ICs (blue) are retained in the FDC reticulum. GC B cells (green) are surrounded by a resting B cell mantle (red) Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A.
Preface In 1884 Walther Flemming described histologically defined sites, within the follicles of secondary lymphoid organs, where large cells undergoing mitosis were present. Flemming called these sites germinal centers (GCs), in accordance with his proposal of these sites functioning as the places where cells originate in the body. Although the name of these sites remained, Flemming’s hypothesis has since been disproven. Currently it is accepted that GCs are formed during immune responses and are the sites of B cell clonal expansion in T cell-dependent antibody responses to infec
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