Improved methods for mass production of magnetosomes and applications: a review
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(2020) 19:197 Basit et al. Microb Cell Fact https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-020-01455-5
Open Access
REVIEW
Improved methods for mass production of magnetosomes and applications: a review Abdul Basit1,2, Jiaojiao Wang1, Fangfang Guo3, Wei Niu1 and Wei Jiang1*
Abstract Magnetotactic bacteria have the unique ability to synthesize magnetosomes (nano-sized magnetite or greigite crystals arranged in chain-like structures) in a variety of shapes and sizes. The chain alignment of magnetosomes enables magnetotactic bacteria to sense and orient themselves along geomagnetic fields. There is steadily increasing demand for magnetosomes in the areas of biotechnology, biomedicine, and environmental protection. Practical difficulties in cultivating magnetotactic bacteria and achieving consistent, high-yield magnetosome production under artificial environmental conditions have presented an obstacle to successful development of magnetosome applications in commercial areas. Here, we review information on magnetosome biosynthesis and strategies for enhancement of bacterial cell growth and magnetosome formation, and implications for improvement of magnetosome yield on a laboratory scale and mass-production (commercial or industrial) scale. Keywords: Magnetosome biosynthesis, high-yield, cell growth, culture conditions, commercial applications Introduction The research interest of nanoparticles applications in the fields of biomedical, biotechnology and environmental protection has gained tremendous importance in recent years. The development of magnetic nanoparticles is the outcome of that investigative focus and significance [1]. The physico-chemical procedures for the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles involve high cost and chemicals with environmental implications and human health hazards. Thus, the need arises to ascertain and use environmental friendly, biocompatible, cheap, and low energy demanding methods for preparation of nano-particles [2]. In this situation, the nano-particles synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria with distinctive characteristics would be right choice and requisite for biomedical and biotechnology applications [3]. Magnetosomes, which consist of membrane-enveloped, nano-sized magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4) crystals arranged in chain-like *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 State Key Laboratory of Agro‑Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
structures, are synthesized by a variety of magnetotactic bacteria [4]. Many recent studies have involved cultured magnetotactic bacterial strains, particularly Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1, Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1, Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1 and Magnetospirillum sp. ME-1 [5, 6]. Investigations of these strains have greatly increased our understanding of molecular mechanisms of magnetotactic bacteria in general [5]. Chemical composition, morphology, and size of magnetite crystals are unifo
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