One-step synthesis of recoverable CuCo 2 S 4 anode material for high-performance Li-ion batteries
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
One-step synthesis of recoverable CuCo2S4 anode material for high-performance Li-ion batteries Tongzhou Lu*, Yongzheng Zhang*, Chun Cheng, Yanbin Wang, Yongming Zhu (✉) Department of Applied Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract A facile one-step hydrothermal method has been adopted to directly synthesize the CuCo2S4 material on the surface of Ni foam. Due to the relatively large specific surface area and wide pore size distribution, the CuCo2S4 material not only effectively increases the reactive area, but also accommodates more side reaction products to avoid the difficulty of mass transfer. When evaluated as anode for Li-ion batteries, the CuCo2S4 material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance including high discharge capacity, outstanding cyclic stability and good rate performance. At the current density of 200 mA$g–1, the CuCo2S4 material shows an extremely high initial discharge capacity of 2510 mAh$g–1, and the cycle numbers of the material even reach 83 times when the discharge capacity is reduced to 500 mAh$g–1. Furthermore, the discharge capacity can reach 269 mAh$g–1 at a current of 2000 mA$g–1. More importantly, when the current density comes back to 200 mA$g–1, the discharge capacity could be recovered to 1436 mAh$g–1, suggesting an excellent capacity recovery characteristics. Keywords copper cobalt sulfide, recoverability, one-step hydrothermal method, anode material, Li-ion battery
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Introduction
Since the 1990s, due to the superiorities of high energy density, outstanding cycling stability, wide temperature window, low self-discharge and environmental friendliness, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become the most promising energy storage device, and have been widely commercialized, especially in the field of portable Received October 19, 2018; accepted January 21, 2019 E-mail: [email protected] *
These authors contributed equally to this work.
electronic devices including mobile phones, laptop computers, digital electronics and so on [1,2]. However, as power batteries for pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, Li-ion batteries face many challenges, such as safety, uniformity, durability, and the high energy density requirements [3–5]. To solve the obstacles and improve the energy density of Li-ion batteries, a feasible measure is to develop high-performance electrode materials. Among numerous promising candidates, transition metal oxides (TMOs) [6], such as Fe3O4/Fe2O3, Co3O4/ CoO, CuO/Cu2O, MnO2 and SnO2, have attracted extensive attention as anode materials, due to their high theoretical specific capacity and abundant natural storage [7,8]. However, the polarization and agglomeration of TMOs are grievous because of poor electronic conductivity and serious volume change in the circulating process, which restrict their commercial applications [9]. To improve the electronic conductivity and inhibit agglomeration of TMOs, anoth
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