Optogenetics Methods and Protocols
This volume provides researchers with up-to-date protocols and takes a close look at current research and promising applications. Optogenetics: Methods and Protocols contains a collection of recently developed technical protocols on optogenetic applicatio
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Arash Kianianmomeni Editor
Optogenetics Methods and Protocols
Methods
in
Molecular Biology
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Optogenetics Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Arash Kianianmomeni Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
Editor Arash Kianianmomeni Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology of Plants University of Bielefeld Bielefeld, Germany
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-3510-9 ISBN 978-1-4939-3512-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3512-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016931444 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface During the past decade, specific light-sensitive modules have paved the way for the development of “Optogenetics,” a technology using light switches for precise and spatial control of signaling pathways in individual cells and even in complex biological systems. Although the idea behind controlling cellular, physiological, and behavioral processes using external light was an old scientific desire, crucial factor for rapid development of optogenetics was the discovery of a handful of algal sensory photoreceptors, i.e., light-gated ion channels (channelrhodopsins), which can be easily used to control neural spiking with light. Concurrently, other light-sensitive modules were engineered to generate new photoswitches to control protein activity, protein localization, and gene expression. Fast progress in genome and transcriptome sequencing towards identification of new photoswitcha
