Proteoglycans Methods and Protocols
Now recognized as a reservoir for growth factors and cytokines modulating cell activation status and turnover, proteoglycans have stimulated great amount of interest and research. In Proteoglycans: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field examine
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IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY™
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Proteoglycans Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Françoise Rédini INSERM UMR957-EA3822, Nantes, France
Editor Françoise Rédini, PhD INSERM UMR957-EA3822 Nantes, France [email protected]
ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-61779-497-1 e-ISBN 978-1-61779-498-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-498-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011944507 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedication To Marc Padrines, This book is the testimony of a friendly collaboration of more than ten years on proteoglycans and bone. Thank you for the lively and fruitful discussions that we could share during this period, and for your unwavering cheerfulness.
Preface Proteoglycans: Complex Diversity in Structure and Functions Scientific interest and curiosity for proteoglycan research has dramatically increased over the past decades, these molecules being no more considered as a scaffold for the cells of a given tissue, but more as a reservoir for growth factors and cytokines modulating their activation status and turnover. For example, heparin and other related heparan sulfate molecules are increasingly being recognized as important modulators of many signaling pathways. The evolution and accuracy of methodologies specific to their complex structure allow a better knowledge of their structure together with a more precise definition of their functions and involvement in physiology and pathologies. The huge increase of original research articles on proteoglycans reflects the increasing interest for these molecules. There is no unifying structure for proteoglycans (PGs), such as collagen triple helix for example, and they display a great diversity of protein forms. However, their basic structure is defined as a protein portion and long unbranched polysaccharides (named glycosaminoglycans or GAGs). PGs were initially grouped together because of the high negative charges of their GAG chains; it makes them easily separable from other molecule
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