An Electrochemical Nanosensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) for Detection of Gallic Acid in Fruit Juices
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An Electrochemical Nanosensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) for Detection of Gallic Acid in Fruit Juices Shahrzad Shojaei 1 & Navid Nasirizadeh 1,2 & Mehdi Entezam 3 & Mojtaba Koosha 4 & Mostafa Azimzadeh 2
Received: 1 October 2015 / Accepted: 22 February 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based electrochemical sensor has been attending recently, due to their exceptional advantages and specificity. Here, we successfully designed and fabricated a novel electrochemical nanosensor for determination of gallic acid (GA) based on its specific MIP. The MIP was synthesized using precipitation polymerization technique, via polymerization of methacrylic acid as a functional monomer. The MIP was applied in the multiwalled carbon nanotube-modified carbon paste electrode (MWCNT–CPE), and similarly, MIP and MWCNT-modified CPE (MIP–MWCNT–CPE) was prepared, which acted as the selective recognition element and pre-concentrator agent for GA. The effect of different factors such as quantity of MIP and MWCNT, GA solution pH, and GA accumulation time on an oxidation current of accumulated GA at the electrode were investigated and optimized by central composite design (CCD) as a an experimental design and response surface methodology. The results showed that fabricated nanosensors (MIP–MWCNT–CPE) have higher sensitivity compared with bare CPE, MWCNT–CPE, and MIP–CPE. This sensor showed a linear response range of 0.12–380.0 μM and detection * Navid Nasirizadeh [email protected]
1
Department of Textile and Polymer Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, PO Box: 89195-155, Yazd, Iran
2
Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
3
Department of Polymer Chemistry Engineering, School Technical and Engineering, Yazd University, PO Box: 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
4
Department of Pulp and Paper, Energy and New Technologies Engineering Faculty, Zirab Rachis, Shahid Beheshti University, Mazandaran, Iran
limit of 47.0 nM. Finally, the nanosensor was applied to determine GA in apple, pineapple, orange juices, and a commercial green tea drink as real samples with satisfactory results. Keywords Molecularly imprinted polymer . MIP . Nanosensor . Gallic acid . Central composite design
Introduction Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technique provides a versatile platform to create high selective binding sites in polymer matrices, which could be bonded covalently or non-covalently to the target molecule, followed by leaching out the template that leaves a pattern of molecular vacancies featuring specific binding sites complementary to those of the template molecules (Gohary et al. 2015; Shi et al. 2014; Zhao and Hao 2013). MIPs have a wide application in the preparation of catalysts (Szekely et al. 2015), artificial antibody (Sharma et al. 2015), sensing devices (Tiwari and Prasad 2015), drug delivery (Ruela et al. 2014), extraction of single compounds (Liu et al. 2015), chromatography (Davoodi et al. 2014),
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