Concentration, likely sources, and ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in urban soils of Shiraz Cit
- PDF / 810,664 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 51 Downloads / 248 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Concentration, likely sources, and ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in urban soils of Shiraz City, SW Iran: a preliminary assessment Ashkan Jahandari 1 & Ahmad Abbasnejad 1 & Roya Jamasb 1 Received: 4 September 2019 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract Potentially toxic elements (PTE) are considered as hazardous pollutants that could have adverse effects on the environment. In recent decades, Shiraz, one of the largest cities of Iran, has been faced with extensive development and its environmental consequences. In this paper, urban soils of Shiraz were collected for preliminary evaluation of potential ecological risk as well as likely source identification of PTE (As, Pb, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Sr, and Zn). The concentrations of PTE were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Geochemical indices (geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF)) and potential ecological risk (PER) index were used to measure the contamination level. Correlation coefficient (CA) and principal component analyses (PCA) as statistical models were applied to recognize the probable sources of PTE. The study shows that the average levels of As, Pb, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Sr, and Zn in urban topsoil are 3.96, 11.5, 50.0, 11.5, 334.5, 102.0, 339.4, and 49.0 mg/kg, respectively. For both Igeo and EF, the values are Cu > Sr > Pb > Cr > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd > As. Geochemical indices indicate that the studied soils are mostly un-polluted to moderately polluted. Also, potential ecological risk assessment values of PTE are < 150, illustrating a low ecological risk level. Correlation coefficient and PCA suggest likely anthropogenic origins for Zn, Pb, Co, Ni, Cu, and As and geogenic source for Sr, while Cr appears to have a mixed anthropogenic origins. Keywords Environmental geochemistry . Urban geology . Potentially toxic elements . Enrichment factor . Shiraz
Introduction Soil pollution has become a global problem in urban, agricultural, and industrial areas. In recent decades, as a result of industrial and economic developments, the rate of urbanization has increased significantly (Wei and Yang, 2010) and, according to the latest census of housing and population of Iran, more than 60% of people in Iran live in urban areas (SCI, 2011). Massive human activities in urban areas lead to emissions of many pollutants, especially PTE in the environment (Jadoon et al., 2020; Muhammad et al., 2019; Saddique et al., 2018; Birch et al., 2011). As a consequence, at the global Responsible Editor: Haroun Chenchouni * Ashkan Jahandari [email protected] 1
Department of Geology, College of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
scale, the quality of the urban environment has dropped dramatically. Potentially toxic elements (PTE) are classified as hazardous pollutants because of their stability, toxicity, bioaccumulation, and carcinogenic properties (Broos et al. 2005, Liu et al. 2013). In the cities, these elements may orig
Data Loading...
