Effect of using diode laser on Enterococcus faecalis and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in chronic apical periodontitis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of using diode laser on Enterococcus faecalis and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in chronic apical periodontitis Zhaohui Zou 1
&
Junu Bhandari 1 & Baiyan Xiao 1 & Xiaoyue Liang 1 & Yu Zhang 1 & Guohui Yan 1
Received: 24 January 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diode laser irradiation on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and its lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Ninety-six freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were divided into six groups, n = 8 per group. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 as laser group (810 nm PILOT™ Diode Laser, 400 μm fiber diameter, continuous mode, 30 s time) with powers at 1.0 W, 1.5 W, 2.0 W, and 2.5 W respectively. Group 5 or positive control group (3 ml of 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation) and group 6 or negative control group (3 ml of normal saline (0.9% NaCl) irrigation). Root canal samples were collected before and after receiving laser irradiation and irrigation solution. Cultivable bacteria were determined by counting the colony (CFU/ml). Evaluation of temperature on the external root surface of teeth was done with K type thermocouple using laser at different powers. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the LTA levels and the correlations between E. faecalis count, LTA levels, and rise in temperature were observed using Pearson’s correlation test. E. faecalis LTA was subjected to laser irradiation and its structural damage was examined by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Compared with the control groups, all laser groups showed a decreased colony counts and decreased LTA levels with statistically significant difference (p ˂ 0.05). The bactericidal effect and LTA reduction of laser was better at 2.5 W power. Laser at 2.5 W power had temperature rise of more than 7 °C which is beyond the safe thermal threshold level. No statistically significant correlation was found between E. faecalis count, levels of LTA, and rise in external root surface temperature (p ˃ 0.05). TLC results showed a structural damage in the glycolipid moiety of E. faecalis LTA. Diode laser can effectively reduce the E. faecalis count and its LTA levels. Keywords Diode laser . Enterococcus faecalis . Lipoteichoic acid . Apical periodontitis
Introduction Enterococcus faecalis is the most prevalent species found in periradicular lesions of teeth that have been treated endodontically and is a major etiologic agent of persistent apical periodontitis [1]. They are also resistant to most disinfectants and antiseptics as they can persist under extreme conditions infecting the dentinal tubules up to a depth of 800 μm [2]. E. faecalis Zhaohui Zou and Junu Bhandari contributed equally to this work. Zhaohui Zou and Junu Bhandari are co-first authors. * Zhaohui Zou [email protected] 1
Department of Endodontics, Tianjin Medical University Stomatology Hospital, Building Number 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
and its byproduct
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