Efficacy of Purpureocillium lilacinum , Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride bio-formulations against Meloidogyne incogni
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Efficacy of Purpureocillium lilacinum, Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride bio-formulations against Meloidogyne incognita Navjot Bawa1 · Sukhjeet Kaur2 · N. K. Dhillon1 Received: 27 April 2019 / Revised: 1 September 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 © Indian Phytopathological Society 2020
Abstract The root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is a sedentary endoparasitic plant pathogen with broad host range. It infects variety of crops and causes drastic annual crop yield losses worldwide. Its management is a major concern for sustainable crop production. In the present study, bio-formulations viz.., Purpureocillium lilacinum WP (1 × 108 CFU/g), P. lilacinum Liquid (1 × 109 CFU/ml), Trichoderma harzianum (WP) (2 × 106 CFU/g) and T. viride (WP) (2 × 106 CFU/g) along with chemical control Furadan 3G were evaluated for their comparative efficacy in suppressing egg hatching and causing juvenile mortality of M. incognita. All the bio-formulations showed certain degree of egg hatch suppression as well as juvenile mortality of M. incognita over untreated control when exposed to different concentrations over a period of time and their efficacy increased with increase in concentration and exposure period. Among all the bio-formulations, P. lilacinum (Liquid) formulation showed overall significantly more egg hatch inhibition (64.0%) and all other formulations were at par with each other. For juvenile mortality all the bio-formulations behaved significantly at par with each other however, P. lilacinum (Liquid) formulation showed comparatively more juvenile mortality. Keywords Bio-pesticides · In vitro · Comparative efficacy · Root knot nematode Root knot nematodes of Genus Meloidogyne includes the most damaging groups of obligate plant-parasitic nematodes on almost all major crops being grown (Gill and Mcsorley 2011). They are distributed worldwide with more than hundred valid species of which Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, M. arenaria, M. hapla and M. graminicola are economically important species (Jones and Goto 2011; Kumari et al. 2017). They attack the plant directly by entering tender roots and making feeding sites and indirectly by predisposing the plant to other pathogens by causing mechanical root damage and changing host physiology. The infected plants show stunting, chlorosis (yellowing), day time wilting and formation of distinct swellings or knots on the root surface (Hunt and Handoo 2009). They are reported to cause an
* Sukhjeet Kaur sk‑[email protected] 1
Department of Plant Pathology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004, India
2
estimated annual losses worth 100 billion dollars worldwide (Ralmi et al. 2016) and about Rs. 77,373.87 million in different crops in India (Kumar et al. 2020). The management of root knot nematode is therefore very important for sustainable crop production. Several management strategies viz., cultural practices like crop rotation,
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