Evaluation of alkaline-based activated carbon from Leucaena Leucocephala produced at different activation temperatures f
- PDF / 3,185,714 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 112 Downloads / 239 Views
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evaluation of alkaline‑based activated carbon from Leucaena Leucocephala produced at different activation temperatures for cadmium adsorption Wan Muhammad Hilmi Wan Ibrahim1 · Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini1 · Nurul Syuhada Sulaiman2 · Wan Rasidah Wan Abdul Kadir3 Received: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Heavy metal contamination in water is happening worldwide. Adsorption using activated carbon is a common choice for cleaning the wastewater. The drawback of activated carbon is the higher cost of production due to the need for high heat in the process. This work investigated on activated carbon produced from the abundantly available Leucaena leucocephala biomass in order to reduce the cost of raw material. The biomass was chemically activated at different activation temperatures. The produced activated carbon was characterized using SEM, FT-IR, surface analyzer, and TGA. Isothermic and thermodynamic studies were done to evaluate the adsorption properties of the activated carbon. It was found out that higher surface area can be obtained using the higher activation temperature. Higher NaOH to carbonized sample ratios also resulted in higher surface area for all activation temperatures, which are 662 m2g-1 for 700 °C activation temperature, 735 m2g-1 for 750 °C, and 776 m2g−1 for 800 °C. Isothermic studies showed that all of the activated carbon that is produced from Leucaena leucocephala biomass are fit to the Langmuir isotherm, regardless of any activation temperature. Lastly, the thermodynamic study found out the adsorption process is endothermic, reflected by the positive value of ΔHo. It can be concluded that Leucaena leucocephala is a promising alternative material for producing activated carbon. Keywords Activated carbon · Leucaena leucocephala · Cadmium · Adsorption · Isothermic · Thermodynamic
Introduction Heavy metals have been associated with toxic elements. They have been listed in the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) as a pollutant that needs to be controlled and addressed (Gupta et al. 2002). Any form of metal, mineral salts, and trace elements has a specific function. Some need each other to work optimally. However, some substances will cause harm to the body at a specific threshold with toxic side effects (Rafatullah et al. 2011). It is * Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini [email protected] 1
Faculty of Bio‑Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
2
School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 18000 George, Penang, Malaysia
3
Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia
even more unfortunate if the presence of the material cannot be accurately confirmed until symptoms arise. The materials or metals often associated with such phenomena are lead, cadmium, and chromium (Singh et al. 2007). In developing countries, various types of development projects are being implemented and involve varying degrees of environmental d
Data Loading...
