Experimental infection by Aeromonas hydrophila in Piaractus mesopotamicus : DL50, neurological disturbances, and mortali
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Experimental infection by Aeromonas hydrophila in Piaractus mesopotamicus: DL50, neurological disturbances, and mortality Gustavo S. Claudiano 1,2 & Flávio Ruas de Moraes 2 & Dayanne C. Fernandes 2 & Juliana S. Vantini 3 & Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga 4 & Silas F. Eto 2 & Fausto A. Marinho-Neto 2 & Hugo J. A. Macedo 1 & Wilson G. Manrique 5 & Julieta R. E. Moraes 2,4 Received: 7 March 2019 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Aeromonosis is an infectious disease of high occurrence in captive fish. It manifests mainly as hemorrhagic septicemia. This study aimed to evaluate the physiopathology manifestations of septic aeromonosis in Piaractus mesopotamicus, considering its clinical manifestations, mortality rates, anatomopathology, and anti-iNOS immunolabeling in the brain. Fish were inoculated in the coelomic cavity with increasing concentrations of A. hydrophila: 1.5 × 108; 1.8 × 108; 2.1 × 108; 2.4 × 108; 2.7 × 108 CF mL−1, histopathology, and anti-iNOS immunolabeling in brain. The animals present erratic swimming (swirling), depigmentation, petechiae, skin suffusions, and high mortality rates up to 100% according to the inoculum concentration. The DL50-96 h was estimated in 1.806 × 108 CFU mL−1. Fish inoculated with 2.1 × 108 CFU mL−1 presented 100% mortality rate. Fish presented neurological signs, congestion, extensive hemorrhage, and glial cells activity confirmed by the anti-iNOS labelling. In addition, the inoculated bacteria was reisolated from the brains. The results demonstrated that aeromonosis physiopathology is multifactorial and the observed neurological signs were caused by the inoculated bacteria. These findings highlight the need for differential diagnosis with other infections that produce encephalitis. Keywords Aeromonosis . Brain infection . Hemorrhagic septicemia . Inflammation
Introduction Brazilian fisheries and aquaculture are expected to grow more than 100% until 2025 (FAO 2016). Round fish such as the teleost Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) are the most important species in Brazilian fish farming (Brasil 2011).
* Julieta R. E. Moraes [email protected] 1
Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Santarém, Pará, Brazil
2
Department of Veterinarian Pathology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil
3
Department of Technology, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Unesp, São Paulo, Brazil
4
Aquaculture Center of UNESP, Via Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, km 05, Jaboticabal, SP 14.884-900, Brazil
5
Veterinary Medicine Course, Federal University of Rondonia – UNIR, Rolim de Moura, RO, Brazil
Infectious diseases are one of the main bottlenecks for aquaculture production, being responsible for high mortality rates in different species of teleosts (Yunis-Aguinaga et al. 2015; Dias et al. 2016). Aeromonas genus is composed of cosmopolitan
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