Hydrogeochemical and statistical analysis of high fluoride groundwater in northern China
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Hydrogeochemical and statistical analysis of high fluoride groundwater in northern China Fan Feng 1,2 & Yongfeng Jia 1,2 & Yu Yang 1,2 & Huan Huan 1,2 & Xinying Lian 1,2 & Xiangjian Xu 1,2 & Fu Xia 1,2 & Xu Han 1,2 & Yonghai Jiang 1,2 Received: 18 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Understanding the formation of high fluoride (F-) groundwater in water-scarce northern China is critical for the sustainable development of the region. This study investigates the effects of F- enrichment in groundwater from seven typical regions of northern China, including Datong, Guide, Junggar, Yinchuan, Taiyuan, and Tarim basins and the North China Plain. A literature survey of 534 samples of selected regions showed that 45.13% of groundwater F- exceeded the 1.0 mg/L of Chinese drinking water guideline. Based on the geological background and hydrogeochemical analysis, in Datong and Yinchuan basins and part of the North China Plain, the main types of groundwater are soda water and controlling processes of F- enrichment are salinization, mineral dissolution, and desorption. In Taiyuan and Guide basins with Cl-Na water type, F- enrichment is mainly affected by salinization, cation exchange, and evaporation. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of high F- groundwater in Tarim and Junggar basins reflect the extent of salinization and weathering dissolution of minerals in groundwater. According to PCA, the contribution of salinization and mineral dissolution to F- enrichment is relatively high. Under the alkaline condition, groundwater with high Cl-, HCO3-, and Na+ concentration favors F- enrichment. Based on HCA, index clustering category I explains the influence of pH and buried depth on F- enrichment, and category II explains the effect of different ions. It is concluded that Fenrichment in groundwater is related to hydrogeochemical processes and hydrogeological conditions. The hydrogeochemical and alkaline conditions of groundwater are regulated by mineral dissolution, ion exchange, and evaporation, resulting in different degrees of F- enrichment. Keywords Fluoride . Groundwater . Statistical analysis . Northern China
Introduction The groundwater resource composes 1/3 of the total water resources in China, and it is an important drinking water resource in China. In some arid and semiarid areas, groundwater Responsible editor: Xianliang Yi * Yongfeng Jia [email protected] * Yonghai Jiang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China
2
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 100012 Beijing, PR China
is even the only resource available to maintain and guarantee the water safety of a local resident (Zhang et al. 2015; Fu et al. 2018; Jia et al. 2018). Due to pollution and geological background factors, the qual
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