Prevalence and molecular characterization of porcine enteric caliciviruses and first detection of porcine kobuviruses in
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BRIEF REPORT
Prevalence and molecular characterization of porcine enteric caliciviruses and first detection of porcine kobuviruses in US swine Zufan Sisay • Qiuhong Wang • Tomoichiro Oka Linda Saif
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Received: 29 November 2012 / Accepted: 17 December 2012 / Published online: 2 March 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Wien 2013
Abstract The prevalence of porcine sapoviruses (SaVs) and noroviruses (NoVs) in nursing piglets on three pig farms in Ohio was studied. Fecal samples (n = 139) were collected from individual pigs and screened for caliciviruses by RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using partial sequences of the RNA polymerase region. Three different SaV genogroups, including a newly emerging one (DO19 Korea-like) were detected. No NoVs were detected. Kobuviruses, emerging members of the family Picornaviridae, were detected by primers designed for SaV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of porcine DO19 Korea-like SaV and kobuvirus in the United States.
Noroviruses (NoVs) and sapoviruses (SaVs) belong to the genera Norovirus and Sapovirus, respectively, within the family Caliciviridae. Human NoVs and SaVs cause foodand water-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs have an approximately 7.3- to 7.8-kb positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome with three open reading frames (ORFs). NoVs are genetically diverse and currently
Z. Sisay Q. Wang (&) T. Oka L. Saif (&) Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA e-mail: [email protected] L. Saif e-mail: [email protected] Z. Sisay Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
classified into five genogroups (GI to GV) based on the complete capsid sequence [1]. The SaV genome is 7.3 to 7.5 kb in length and contains two to three ORFs. Sapoviruses are classified into at least five distinct genogroups (GI to GV) based on the complete capsid sequence [2, 3]. Human SaVs belong to genogroups GI, GII, GIV, and GV, whereas the first porcine SaV identified (Cowden strain) belongs to GIII [4]. The Cowden strain was isolated from feces of a nursing piglet in the US [5]. New porcine sapovirus genogroups (GVI, GVII, GVIII) have also been proposed based on phylogenetic analysis of the complete capsid VP1 sequences [6–8]. Potentially new genogroups of porcine SaVs based on partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences have been reported [9, 10]. Recombinant SaVs have been described in both human and swine hosts [6, 11]. Sapovirus infection of pigs has been described in American, Asian and European countries [5–7, 10, 12–14]. Porcine GIII SaV was the predominant genogroup, with the highest prevalence in postweaning pigs and the lowest in nursing pigs [15, 16]. In the past two decades, a number of enteric viruses have emerged in the swine population, including porcine kobuvirus [17]. Kobuviruses are recently identified, none
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