Resistance Assessment of Different Cultivars of Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus ) Against Whitefly ( Bemisia tabaci )
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Resistance Assessment of Different Cultivars of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Against Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) Ahmad Nawaz1 · Habib Ali1,2 · Muhammad Dildar Gogi1 · Sajid Fiaz3 · Muhammad Arfan1 · Muhammad Ahsan Khan1 · Muhammad Qasim4 · Muhammad Atiq5 · Khalid Ali Khan6 Received: 7 August 2019 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a substantial pest of Okra crop, Abelmoschus esculentus, that caused substantial losses through sucking cell sap. On the basis of susceptibility, a field experiment was carried out to assess the different genotypes of A. esculentus during growing season (July–August) against B. tabaci. Plant genotype resistance and vigor were also evaluated in this study. Meanwhile, morphological parameters were also recorded as well as whitefly-infested and healthy leaves were collected for biochemical analysis. The obtained results revealed that the Okra varieties A. esculentus OK-1304 and Pen Beauty were less infested (mean populations 4.10, 4.97 adults/leaf, respectively) while OK-1307 was highly susceptible to B. tabaci (10.22 adults/leaf). Meanwhile, comparative analysis revealed that B. tabaci population was negatively correlated to relative humidity and positively correlated with low and high temperature. The low concentrations (0.5%) of salicylic acid and citric acid effectively reduced the infestation to 4.63 adults/leaf and 4.87 adult/leaf, respectively, as compared to control (10.17 adult/leaf). The biochemical analysis represented that the catalase concentration decreased in infested leaves and the concentrations of peroxidase, phenolics and superoxide dismutase that act as resistant compound against insect feeding increased.
Keywords Bemisia tabaci · Biochemical analysis · Abelmoschus esculentus · Resistance · Genotypes · Environmental factors Ahmad Nawaz and Habib Ali contributed equally to this work. Ahmad Nawaz
[email protected] Habib Ali
[email protected] 1
Integrated Pest Management Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, 64200 Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
3
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, 22620 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
4
Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
5
Departement of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
6
Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS) and Biology Department/Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 61413 Abha, Saudi Arabia
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